Proctolin, an insect neuropeptide

Konopińska, Danuta; Rosiński, Grzegorz

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199912)5:12<533::aid-psc225>3.0.co;2-9

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It was subsequently immunolocalized in the central and peripheral nervous system of various other arthropod species (Orchard et al 1989;Konopińska and Rosiński 1999), although some authors suggest that the proctolin signaling system may be absent in lepidopteran insects (Nagata et al 2011;Roller et al 2008). A detailed localization study in L. migratoria showed that proctolin-like immunoreactive material is present throughout the central, peripheral and stomatogastric nervous system, the retrocerebral complex as well as in processes associated with the gut muscles.…”

Section: Proctolinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptidergic control of food intake and digestion in insects¹This review is part of a virtual symposium on recent advances in understanding a variety of complex regulatory processes in insect physiology and endocrinology, including development, metabolism, cold hardiness, food intake and digestion, and diuresis, through the use of omics technologies in the postgenomic era.

et al. 2012

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Like all heterotrophic organisms, insects require a strict control of food intake and efficient digestion of food into nutrients to maintain homeostasis and to fulfill physiological tasks. Feeding and digestion are steered by both external and internal signals that are transduced by a multitude of regulatory factors, delivered either by neurons innervating the gut or mouthparts, or by midgut endocrine cells. The present review gives an overview of peptide regulators known to control feeding and digestion in insects. We describe the discovery and functional role in these processes for insect allatoregulatory peptides, diuretic hormones, FMRFamide-related peptides, (short) neuropeptide F, proctolin, saliva production stimulating peptides, kinins, and tachykinins. These peptides control either gut myoactivity, food intake, and (or) release of digestive enzymes. Some peptides exert their action at multiple levels, possibly having a biological function that depends on their site of delivery. Many regulatory peptides have been physically extracted from different insect species. However, multiple peptidomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and genome sequencing projects have led to increased discovery and prediction of peptide (precursor) and receptor sequences. In combination with physiological experiments, these large-scale projects have already led to important steps forward in unraveling the physiology of feeding and digestion in insects.Key words: insect, midgut, digestion, neuropeptides, stomatogastric nervous system. Résumé : Comme tous les organismes hétérotrophes, les insectes requièrent un contrôle strict de leur ingestion de nourriture et la digestion de leur nourriture en nutriments afin de maintenir leur homéostasie et de compléter leurs tâches physiologiques. L'alimentation et la digestion sont gouvernées par des signaux tant externes qu'internes qui sont transmis par un multitude de facteurs régulateurs, livrés ou bien par les neurones qui innervent le tube digestif ou les pièces buccales ou alors par les cellules endocrines du tube digestif moyen. Notre revue fournit une synthèse des régulateurs peptidiques connus pour contrôler l'alimentation et la digestion chez les insectes. Nous décrivons la découverte et le rôle fonctionnel de ces processus dans le cas des peptides allatorégulateurs, des hormones diurétiques, des peptides apparentés aux amides FMRF, du neuropeptide F (court), de la proctoline, des peptides stimulateurs de la production de salive, des kinines et des tachykinines des insectes. Ces peptides contrôlent la myoactivité du tube digestif, l'ingestion de nourriture et(ou) la libération des enzymes digestives. Certains peptides agissent à de multiples niveaux, possédant une fonction biologique qui dépend de leur site d'action. Plusieurs peptides régulateurs ont été extraits physiquement de différentes espèces d'insectes. Cependant, plusieurs projets de peptidomique, de protéomique, de transcriptomique et de génomique ont mené à de nombreuses découvertes supplémentaires et des prédict...

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Section: Proctolinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptidergic control of food intake and digestion in insects¹This review is part of a virtual symposium on recent advances in understanding a variety of complex regulatory processes in insect physiology and endocrinology, including development, metabolism, cold hardiness, food intake and digestion, and diuresis, through the use of omics technologies in the postgenomic era.

et al. 2012

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“…In the next series of experiments (N=6) we tested whether proctolin (for a review, see Konopinska and Rosinski, 1999) affects Vte of the anterior stomach of A. aegypti larvae. In all six experiments the individual tissues were subsequently exposed to hemolymph-side proctolin at increasing concentrations between 10 -16 and 10 -6 ·mol·l -1 .…”

Section: Effects Of Neuropeptides On the Transepithelial Voltage Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proctolin is the best known and most investigated myotropic neuropeptide in insects, and it is regarded as the main neuromuscular transmitter/modulator in the gut of insects (Konopinska and Rosinski, 1999). In a variety of insects, proctolin has been shown to induce or stimulate muscle contractions, including gut peristalsis (Orchard et al, 1989).…”

Section: Proctolinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anterior stomach of larval mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti):effects of neuropeptides on transepithelial ion transport and muscular motility

Onken

Moffett

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The present investigation studied the influence of a number of neuropeptides on semi-open preparations of the isolated and perfused anterior stomach of larval Aedes aegypti. Effects of peptides were observed on the lumen negative transepithelial voltage (Vte) that is present with serotonin in the bath; this voltage most likely reflects active HCO3– secretion involved in alkalization of the larval anterior stomach. The five different A. aegypti allatostatins(allatostatin A 1–5) all affected Vte in almost identical ways, causing a 10–15% reduction of the voltage at 10–7 mol l–1. A. aegyptineuropeptide F and proctolin reduced Vte at submicromolar concentrations. At 10–6 mol l–1,neuropeptide F reduced Vte by 30% and proctolin reduced Vte by 50%. In contrast, A. aegypti allatotropin, A. aegypti head peptides I and III and A. aegypti short neuropeptide F were without effect on Vte. During the investigation it was observed that the peristaltic contractions of the preparations caused a dynamic component of Vte. Peristaltic contractions and the correlated voltage fluctuations depended on the presence of serotonin. Peristaltic activity and Vtedeflections were progressively inhibited by A. aegypti head peptides I and III by A. aegypti short neuropeptide F and by A. aegypti neuropeptide F when the peptide concentrations were increased from 10–8 to 10–6 mol l–1. These observations show that physiological concentrations of some of the tested neuropeptides affect two processes that require coordination: ion transport and motility of the larval anterior stomach.

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“…It was purified based on its myotropic actions on the insect hindgut, and was subsequently found to have wide distribution throughout the arthropods (2)(3)(4). In the crab Cancer, proctolin has potent effects on defined neural circuits within the stomatogastric system (5) and at the neuromuscular junction (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proctolin elevates levels of inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) and cAMP, and increases calcium entry through voltagegated ion channels (10)(11)(12)(13). Several studies have suggested the existence of multiple proctolin receptor subtypes based on binding studies and activities of proctolin (14,15) or its structural analogues (16)(17)(18)(19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of a G protein-coupled receptor for the neuropeptide proctolin in Drosophila melanogaster

Johnson

Garczynski

Park

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Proctolin is a bioactive neuropeptide that modulates interneuronal and neuromuscular synaptic transmission in a wide variety of arthropods. We present several lines of evidence to propose that the orphan G protein-coupled receptor CG6986 of Drosophila is a proctolin receptor. When expressed in mammalian cells, CG6986 confers second messenger activation after proctolin application, with an EC 50 of 0.3 nM. In competition-based studies, the CG6986 receptor binds proctolin with high affinity (IC50 ‫؍‬ 4 nM). By microarray analysis, CG6986 transcript is consistently detected in head mRNA of different genotypes, and under different environmental conditions. By blot analysis, anti-CG6986 antibodies detect a band in tissue homogenates similar to the predicted size of the protein. Proctolin receptor immunosignals are found in the hindgut, heart, and in distinct neuronal populations of the CNS; such patterns correlate with previous demonstrations of proctolin biological activity, and in several instances, with areas of proctolin peptide immunosignals. The identification of a bona fide proctolin receptor provides the basis for a mechanistic analysis of this critical synaptic modulator.T he pentapeptide proctolin (RYLPT) was the first neuropeptide to be isolated and sequenced from insects (1). It was purified based on its myotropic actions on the insect hindgut, and was subsequently found to have wide distribution throughout the arthropods (2-4). In the crab Cancer, proctolin has potent effects on defined neural circuits within the stomatogastric system (5) and at the neuromuscular junction (6). In insects, proctolin is a major peptide cotransmitter and it modulates contractions of both somatic and visceral muscles (7,8). Proctolin-like immunosignals are found within a small number of neurons in the larval CNS of Drosophila and these include efferents to bodywall muscles, heart, and viscera (9).The mechanisms of actions of proctolin have also been investigated. Proctolin elevates levels of inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) and cAMP, and increases calcium entry through voltagegated ion channels (10-13). Several studies have suggested the existence of multiple proctolin receptor subtypes based on binding studies and activities of proctolin (14, 15) or its structural analogues (16-19). However, more recent studies (15,20,21) of proctolin binding support a model featuring a single proctolin receptor. The identification of a specific proctolin receptor will help address issues regarding possibilities of multiple receptors, the precise nature of proctolin-dependent signaling pathways, and phylogenetic differences in proctolin signaling. The significance of such studies is substantial because proctolin exerts such a widespread role as a synaptic modulator in arthropod physiology.Analysis of the completed Drosophila genomic sequences (22, 23) identified Ͼ100 genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Further analysis indicated that 44 such receptors are likely to have peptide ligands and that the majority of these are derive...

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Proctolin, an insect neuropeptide

Abstract: Synthetic, biological and conformational studies on the insect neuropeptide proctolin (Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr) and some of its analogues are reviewed.

Cited by 45 publications

References 69 publications

The anterior stomach of larval mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti):effects of neuropeptides on transepithelial ion transport and muscular motility

Identification and characterization of a G protein-coupled receptor for the neuropeptide proctolin in Drosophila melanogaster

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