Prodigiosin and its potential applications

Abstract

Since a decade, there has been a strong consumer demand for more natural products. This has augmented inclination towards substitution of synthetic colorants with natural pigments. Natural pigments not only have the capacity to increase the marketability of products, they also demonstrate valuable biological activities as antioxidants and anticancer agents. There is a long history of exploitation of natural products produced by bacteria as sources of pharmaceutically important, bioactive compounds. Among natural pigments, pigments from microbial sources are potentially suitable alternatives to synthetic pigments. The red pigment prodigiosin (PG) has unusual properties, which have long been documented. The red-pigmented prodiginines are bioactive secondary metabolites produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Prodigiosins are characterized by a common pyrrolyl pyrromethene skeleton, and the biological role of these pigments in the producer organisms remains unclear. Bacterial prodigiosins and their synthetic derivatives are effective proapoptotic agents against various cancer cell lines, with multiple cellular targets including multi-drug resistant cells with little or no toxicity towards normal cell lines. However, research into the biology of pigment production will stimulate interest in the bioengineering of strains to synthesize useful prodiginine derivatives. This review article highlights the characteristics and potential applications of prodigiosin pigment from Serratia as prodigiosins are real potential therapeutic drugs.

Bioprospecting Anticancer Compounds from the Marine-Derived Actinobacteria Actinomadura sp. Collected at the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (Brazil)

“…15 Considering the NCI 60-cell line panel, the mean average IC 50 value for prodigiosin is 2.1 µM, 16 a compatible value with those presented herein. The proposed mechanisms of action for this class of compounds includes four different possibilities: (i) potent DNAdamaging properties under oxidative conditions; (ii) intracellular acidification; (iii) interference with kynases; and (iv) induction of apoptosis.…”

“…The proposed mechanisms of action for this class of compounds includes four different possibilities: (i) potent DNAdamaging properties under oxidative conditions; (ii) intracellular acidification; (iii) interference with kynases; and (iv) induction of apoptosis. 15 It seems, however, that the mechanism and target are highly dependent on cell type.…”

INFLUENCIA DE MICROORGANISMOS EN LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE FÓSFORO EN PLÁNTULAS DE CAFÉ (Coffea arabica)

“…Aunque, no se ha definido su papel en la fisiología de la bacteria, se ha reportado su actividad antifúngica, bactericida, antitumoral y antiprotozoaria [21,22]. la cepa CCEI-1 de S. marcescens presentó un óptimo crecimiento con una pigmentación roja en agar BUG suplementado al 5% v/v con sangre (BIOlOG), agar Tributirina, agar Rhodamina B y agar MacConkey (Figura 5B), mientras que, en agar GEN, a pesar de tener un crecimiento óptimo, la pigmentación disminuyó por la presencia de la glucosa en el medio de cultivo que inhibió la síntesis de la prodigiosina (Figura 5A), posiblemente, debido a una represión catabólica [22,23]. En los medios de cultivo con fuentes de lípidos, S. marcescens CCEI-1 presentó un incremento en la pigmentación; por lo tanto, los medios de cultivo con fuentes de grasas podrían ser un sustrato económico para la producción de prodigiosina o de lipasas microbianas para usos biotecnológicos, que podrían reemplazar la glucosa dado que ésta, durante su fermentación dis- minuye el pH inhibiendo así el crecimiento celular y en consecuencia la síntesis de la prodigiosina [22].…”

“…En este estudio S. Marcescens CCEI-1a un pH de 8,0 tuvo la capacidad de sintetizar lipasas y el pigmento, (aunque con menor intensidad) a 50°C en el medio de cultivo mínimo FAM + aceite de oliva. la pigmentación de la cepa CCEI-1 fue proporcional al tiempo de incubación, dado que la síntesis del pigmento es altamente variable en especies microbianas y depende de las fuentes de carbono, nitrógeno, temperatura, pH, tiempo de incubación, luz, entre otros [21,23].…”

From Hyperthermia to Immunomodulating Polysaccharides

“…As was found later, this supposition was not correct, for the pyrogenicity was not the main curative effect and beneficial outcomes of Coley's toxin relate to function manifestation of interleukin IL-12 (Tsung and Norton, 2006) or tumoricidal activities of pigments prodigiosins (Chang et al, 2011;Stankovic et al, 2014;Darshan and Manonmani, 2015). However, during past times the mentioned supposition led to an attempt to replace the arguable intact microbes, though inactivated, by isolated and purified lipopolysaccharides.…”