Produced Waters of the Oil Industry as an Alternative Water Source for Food Production

Martel-Valles, José Fernando; Foroughbakchk-Pournavab, Rahim; Benavides-Mendoza, Adalberto

doi:10.20937/rica.2016.32.04.10

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In California, the oil firm Chevron supplies Cawelo Water District with 44 million m 3 of treated PW which is then blended with fresh water to irrigate18,600 ha of food crops (Arnold et al, 2004;Heberger and Donnelly, 2015;Martel-Valles et al, 2016). Another study in the Powder River Basin (USA) showed that PW is suitable for irrigation when mixed with fresh water in 1:3 ratio (Burkhardt et al, 2015).…”

Section: Adapting Produced Water To Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusing oil and gas produced water for irrigation of food crops in drylands

Echchelh

Hess

Sakrabani

2018

Agricultural Water Management

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Water scarcity severely affects drylands threatening their food security, whereas, the oil and gas industry produces significant and increasing volumes of produced water that could be partly reused for agricultural irrigation in these regions. In this review, we summarise recent research and provide a broad overview of the potential for oil and gas produced water to irrigate food crops in drylands. There is potentially sufficient water to irrigate about 130 000 ha/year of cropland in arid and semi-arid areas. The quality of produced water is often a limiting factor for the reuse in irrigation as it can lead to soil salinisation and sodification. Although the inappropriate use of produced water in irrigation could be damaging for the soil, the agricultural sector in dry areas is often prone to challenges in soil salinity. There is a lack of knowledge about the main environmental and economic conditions that could encourage or limit the development of irrigation with oil and gas effluents at the scale of drylands in the world. Cheaper treatment technologies in combination with farm-based salinity management techniques could make the reuse of produced water relevant to irrigate high value-crops in hyper-arid areas. This review paper approaches an aspect of the energy

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Section: Adapting Produced Water To Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusing oil and gas produced water for irrigation of food crops in drylands

Echchelh

Hess

Sakrabani

2018

Agricultural Water Management

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“…Current guidelines for agricultural water reuse require TDS concentrations to be <500 mg L -1 (Doran and Leong 2000;Ganesh and Lelong 2005;Beltran and Koo-Oshima 2006). Although certain crops can tolerate TDS levels up to 2000 mg L -1 , water with salinity above the threshold for irrigation may cause long-term soil salinity and fertility problems after infiltration and subsequent evapotranspiration, long after the practice has ceased (Martel-Valles et al 2016). This is particularly important for shallow soils in arid or semiarid climates, where excess salinity could irreparably damage fertility (Tanji and Kielen 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Beneficial Reuse of Oil and Gas–Derived Produced Water in Agriculture: Physiological and Morphological Responses in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Sedlacko

Jahn

Heuberger

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Produced water (PW) from oil and gas operations is considered a potential resource for food crop irrigation because of increasing water scarcity in dryland agriculture. However, efforts to employ PW for agriculture have been met with limited success. A greenhouse study was performed to evaluate the effects of PW on physiological and morphological traits of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants were irrigated with water treatments containing 10 and 50% PW (PW10 and PW50, respectively) and compared to a matching 50% salinity (NaCl50) and 100% tap water controls. Compared to controls, plants watered with PW10 and PW50 exhibited developmental arrest and reductions in aboveground and belowground biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, and reproductive growth. Decreases in grain yield ranged from 70 to 100% in plants irrigated with PW compared to the tap water control. Importantly, the PW10 and NaCl50 treatments were comparable for morphophysiological effects, even though NaCl50 contained 5 times the total dissolved solids, suggesting that constituents other than NaCl in PW contributed to plant stress. These findings indicate that despite discharge and reuse requirements focused on total dissolved solids, salinity stress may not be the primary factor affecting crop health. The results of the present study are informative for developing guidelines for the use of PW in agriculture to ensure minimal effects on crop morphology and physiology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1756–1769. © 2019 SETAC

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“…Wastewater (produced water) is a byproduct of oil and natural gas extraction industry, originated in the formations holding oil and gas or from the water previously injected for oil and gas extraction (Clark and Veil, 2009;Martel-Valles et al, 2016). Physicochemical composition of the produced water varies considerably according to the geographic location, the geologic formation, the type of hydrocarbon and the lifetime of a reservoir (Clark and Veil, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physicochemical composition of the produced water varies considerably according to the geographic location, the geologic formation, the type of hydrocarbon and the lifetime of a reservoir (Clark and Veil, 2009). Produced water with high salinity can reach until f ive or six times the total dissolved solids of seawater (Martel-Valles et al, 2016). According to Mexican Off icial Standard NOM-143- SEMARNAT-2003SEMARNAT- (2005 and (Martel-Valles et al, 2013, wastewater contains compounds of low molecular weight, such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, etilbenzene, xylene), organic acids, condensates, oils, fats, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phenols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agriculture uses 76.9% of available fresh water, which comes from groundwater reservoirs, being overexploited the most of these (CONAGUA, 2016). Wastewater characterization has been suggested by oil industry in order to determine its potential use in productive activities (NOM-143-SEMARNAT-2003, 2005Martel-Valles et al, 2016). Produced water contains minerals essential for plant nutrition such as K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, SO 4 , CO 3 , Cl, and NO 3 , among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of tomato plants to diesel fuel, gasoline and benzene

Morelos-Moreno

Martel-Valles

Morales-Díaz

et al. 2019

Terra

Self Cite

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Oil and gas industry produces wastewater (produced water), which contains hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other components, such as mineral salts essential for plant nutrition. Hydrocarbons presence on produced water limits its potential use in the agriculture, as its lead to inhibition of plant growth. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrocarbons analogous contained in the produced water on 1) pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigation leachate, 2) plant´s morphological variables, 3) mineral concentration, 4) fruit pH, EC and total dissolved solids (TDS), during flowering and fruiting stages in tomato grown into greenhouse conditions. As source of produced water were used diesel at concentrations of 20 and 25 mg L‑1, gasoline at 40, 50 and 60 mg L-1, and benzene at 75 mg L-1, applied in the substrate by means of a syringe. All plants treated with hydrocarbons reached the fruit setting and ripening stage at the 6-cluster. Depending on their type, concentration, and exposure time, hydrocarbons modif ied the pH and EC of the irrigation leachate, caused signif icant morphological changes with longer exposure time, and restricted the biomass production. Mineral concentration differed signif icantly among plant organs, affecting mainly the sodium uptake in stems and fruits. The variables of fruit quality, EC and TDS were favorably modif ied by most treatments.

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Produced Waters of the Oil Industry as an Alternative Water Source for Food Production

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Reusing oil and gas produced water for irrigation of food crops in drylands

Reusing oil and gas produced water for irrigation of food crops in drylands

Potential for Beneficial Reuse of Oil and Gas–Derived Produced Water in Agriculture: Physiological and Morphological Responses in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Response of tomato plants to diesel fuel, gasoline and benzene

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