Production of Biofuels from Synthesis Gas Using Microbial Catalysts

Tirado-Acevedo, Oscar; Chinn, Mari S.; Grunden, Amy M.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(10)70002-2

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…For example, Coskata reported to have advanced undisclosed strains through mutagenesis and clonal screening [218], and C. ljungdahlii mutant strain OTA-1 has been isolated that produces approximately 2-fold more ethanol than the type strain [219]. Notably, there are no published reports of improved productivity of gas fermentation organisms through targeted genetic modification; this is likely to change with recent advances in genome sequencing and developments of genetic tools for gas fermentation organisms.…”

Section: Strain Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation

2012

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Abstract:The use of gas fermentation for the production of low carbon biofuels such as ethanol or butanol from lignocellulosic biomass is an area currently undergoing intensive research and development, with the first commercial units expected to commence operation in the near future. In this process, biomass is first converted into carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 )-rich synthesis gas (syngas) via gasification, and subsequently fermented to hydrocarbons by acetogenic bacteria. Several studies have been performed over the last few years to optimise both biomass gasification and syngas fermentation with significant progress being reported in both areas. While challenges associated with the scale-up and operation of this novel process remain, this strategy offers numerous advantages compared with established fermentation and purely thermochemical approaches to biofuel production in terms of feedstock flexibility and production cost. In recent times, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques have been applied to gas fermenting organisms, paving the way for gases to be used as the feedstock for the commercial production of increasingly energy dense fuels and more valuable chemicals.

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Section: Strain Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation

2012

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“…Synthesis gas (syngas) (H 2 , CO 2 , and CO) has been highlighted for use as a potential feedstock for the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals (9,16). Eubacterium limosum KIST612 isolated from an anaerobic digester has been considered a microbial syngas catalyst due to its rapid growth under high CO pressure (Ͼ1 atm) and production of acetate and butyrate and ethanol from CO (5-7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of a Carbon Monoxide-Utilizing Acetogen, Eubacterium limosum KIST612

Roh

Kim

et al. 2011

J Bacteriol

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Eubacterium limosum KIST612 is an anaerobic acetogenic bacterium that uses CO as the sole carbon/energy source and produces acetate, butyrate, and ethanol. To evaluate its potential as a syngas microbial catalyst, we have sequenced the complete 4.3-Mb genome of E. limosum KIST612.Synthesis gas (syngas) (H 2 , CO 2 , and CO) has been highlighted for use as a potential feedstock for the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals (9, 16). Eubacterium limosum KIST612 isolated from an anaerobic digester has been considered a microbial syngas catalyst due to its rapid growth under high CO pressure (Ͼ1 atm) and production of acetate and butyrate and ethanol from CO (5-7). To understand its physiological properties (e.g., a high tolerance to CO and production of ethanol) and provide metabolic engineering principles, we attempted to obtain the complete genome sequence information for this microorganism.The genome of E. limosum KIST612 was sequenced by a combination of Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx (GAIIx) and Roche 454 GS FLX (454 GS FLX) platforms. We obtained two libraries of 643,326 single-end (SE) reads and 291,735 pairedend (PE) reads containing 3-kb inserts from 454 GS FLX. The third genomic library of 35,235,888 PE reads containing 400-bp inserts was obtained from GAIIx. To combine these three libraries (454 GS FLX SE and PE and GAIIx PE) into a single procedure, we first assembled GAIIx PE reads into 296 contigs (4,635,997 bases) by the ABySS 1.20 assembler (15) and split into overlapping ϳ1.5-kb fake reads (45,221 reads). We merged these fake reads with 454 SE and PE reads (total 935,061 reads) and assembled into 9 scaffolds (34 contigs) by the Newbler gsAssembler 2.3 (454 Life Sciences, Branford, CT). We determined the actual order of 9 scaffolds in a single contig with a series of PCRs based on a permutation table of scaffolds. The genome was finished by filling gaps with sequencing and primer walking of PCR products using an ABI 3730 capillary sequencer (Applied Biosystems, CA).The complete genome of E. limosum KIST612 consisted of 4,276,902 bp in a single circular chromosome with an average GϩC content of 47.5%. Approximately 91% of the nucleotides were predicted as 4,516 protein-coding regions by the union of Glimmer (8), GeneMarkS (3), and Prodigal (10). The predicted proteins were annotated by BLAST (1) and the RAST server (2). Seventy-eight percent (3,541) of the open reading frames were annotated with known proteins. Five copies of the 16S-23S-5S rRNA operon and a separate 5S rRNA locus were predicted by RNAmmer 1.2 (12), and the 58 tRNA genes were identified by tRNAscan-SE 1.23 (13).Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that E. limosum KIST612 uses the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway to fix CO (or CO 2 ) and converts it into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), like other syngas-utilizing acetogens such as Moorella thermoacetica (14), Clostridium ljungdahlii (11), and Clostridium carboxidivorans strain P7 T (4). E. limosum KIST612 also contains 10 genes annotated as subunits of hydrogenases that may provide reducing...

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“…Besides huge problems with product specificity, sulfur gases and the accumulation of tar, which leads to consequential poisoning of the noble catalysts, are major issues for these processes. However, some acetogenic bacteria such as Clostridium ljungdahlii (Köpke et al, 2010) are also capable to ferment synthesis gas directly into bioethanol via the acetyl-CoA "Wood-Ljungdahl" pathway (Köpke et al, 2011;Tirado-Acevedo, 2010;Henstra, 2007). These bacteria are by far more specific and less affected by sulfur gases and tar (Ragauskas, 2006;Bredwell et al, 1999;Vega et al, 1990).…”

Section: Biomass-to-liquid (Btl) Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%