Production of carbohydrates by marine planktonic diatoms. I. Comparison of nine different species in culture

Myklestad, Sverre

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(74)90049-5

Cited by 286 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Ce phénomène a déjà été décrit à diverses reprises au travers d'études réalisées sur plusieurs espèces de Chlorophycées, de Diatomées, de Rhodophycées et de Cyanophycées ( Myklestad 1974, Flaak & Epifanio 1978, Dermoun 1987, Behrens et al 1989, Phlips et al 1989). …”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Influence de la température, de l'intensité lumineuse et du stade de croissance sur la composition biochimique deChlorella sorokinianaShihira & Krauss

Belkoura¹,

Benider²,

Dauta

1997

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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Dans une optique de valorisation de l'algue verte Chlorella sorokiniana, la composition biochimique de cette espèce a été déterminée en fonction de la température d'incubation, de l'intensité lumineuse et du stade de croissance. A 35°C, sous un éclairement de 140 uE.nr 2 .s _1 , et en phase exponentielle de croissance, les analyses effectuées ont révélé que la biomasse algale était composée d'environ 40 % de protéines, 30 % de glucides et 18 % de lipides (% de la matière sèche des cellules). Les résultats obtenus ont montré également que les teneurs de ces constituants dépendaient étroitement des conditions de culture. Ainsi, il est possible d'orienter le métabolisme cellulaire de cette espèce vers la production du ou des metabolites souhaités, en choisissant les conditions environnementales appropriées et le moment de la récolte de la biomasse algale. Effects of temperature, light intensity and growth phase on the biochemical composition of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & KraussKeywords : Chlorella sorokiniana, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, environmental factors.In view of the valorization of the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana, the biochemical composition of this species was determined as a function of temperature, light intensity and growth phase. At 35°C, under an irradiancé of 140 nE.m^.s 1 , and at the exponential growth phase, the algal biomass contains about 40 % of proteins, 30 % of carbohydrates and 18 % of lipids (% of cellular dry weight). The relative amounts of these compounds are closely dependent on environmental factors and culture age. So, by selecting the suitable environmental conditions and the harvesting time, it is possible to orient the cellular metabolism to the production of the desirable compounds.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Influence de la température, de l'intensité lumineuse et du stade de croissance sur la composition biochimique deChlorella sorokinianaShihira & Krauss

Belkoura¹,

Benider²,

Dauta

1997

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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“…Batch culture experiments have shown that phytoplankton release more DOM under conditions of nutrient limitation (Guillard & Wangersky, 1958;Marker, 1965;Myklestad, 1974Myklestad, , 1977Obernosterer & Herndl, 1995). Myklestad (1995) concluded that phytoplankton release carbohydrates into the surrounding medium under conditions of severe N or P limitation, as carbohydrates do not contain these potentially limiting nutrients.…”

Section: Overflow Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

365

311

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The partitioning of organic matter (OM) between dissolved and particulate phases is an important factor in determining the fate of organic carbon in the ocean. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton is a ubiquitous process, resulting in 2-50% of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis leaving the cell. This loss can be divided into two components: passive leakage by diffusion across the cell membrane and the active exudation of DOM into the surrounding environment. At present there is no method to distinguish whether DOM is released via leakage or exudation. Most explanations for exudation remain hypothetical; as while DOM release has been measured extensively, there has been relatively little work to determine why DOM is released. Further research is needed to determine the composition of the DOM released by phytoplankton and to link composition to phytoplankton physiological status and environmental conditions. For example, the causes and physiology of phytoplankton cell death are poorly understood, though cell death increases membrane permeability and presumably DOM release. Recent work has shown that phytoplankton interactions with bacteria are important in determining both the amount and composition of the DOM released. In response to increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere, climate change is creating increasingly stressful conditions for phytoplankton in the surface ocean, including relatively warm water, low pH, low nutrient supply and high light. As ocean physics and chemistry change, it is hypothesized that a greater proportion of primary production will be released directly by phytoplankton into the water as DOM. Changes in the partitioning of primary production between the dissolved and particulate phases will have bottom-up effects on ecosystem structure and function. There is a need for research to determine how these changes affect the fate of organic matter in the ocean, particularly the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.

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“…Diatoms are well known for releasing polysaccharide-rich EPS during all phases of their growth (Hama and Handa 1983;Sundh 1989;Williams 1990). The production and structural characteristics of EPS vary with species, with a production ranging from 1 mg/L to 27.5 mg/L (Myklestad 1974;Brouwer et al 2006). Fucose and galactose are sugar monomers that prominently exist in the polysaccharide composition of EPS from diatoms (Myklestad 1995), whereas galactose is absent in EPS from Coscinodiscus nobilis (Percival et al 1980) and fucose is absent in EPS from Nitzhia (Allan et al 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of cross‐flow ultrafiltration for isolating exopolymeric substances from a marine diatom (Amphora sp.)

Zhang

Santschi

2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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The increasing recognition of the roles that exopolymeric substances (EPS) play in the aquatic environment necessitates obtaining sufficient quantities of purified EPS for exploration of its physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as for quantitative and structural analysis of its composition. For this purpose, three preconcentration/purification techniques, i.e., 1) ethanol precipitation, 2) stirred-cell ultrafiltration, and 3) crossflow ultrafiltration, followed by stirred-cell diafiltration, were compared for their effectiveness to quantitatively isolate EPS from laboratory cultures of Amphora sp. The results showed that the classical ethanol precipitation method was not effective in isolating and concentrating EPS from this seawater culture medium. Stirredcell ultrafiltration appeared best for harvesting EPS from this diatom. However, because of its limitations in terms of time and volume, cross-flow ultrafiltration needed to be first applied, along with some necessary improvements, followed by a three-step cartridge soaking and stirred-cell diafiltration. After cartridge soaking, the yields of the two ultrafiltration methods were comparable. Two different fractions were obtained from EPS of Amphora sp. by anion exchange chromatography and were characterized respectively. Whereas these purified fractions had similar molecular weights of 1000 kDa, their monosaccharide composition was different. In conclusion, cross-flow ultrafiltration followed by stirred-cell diafiltration with additional cartridge washing turned out to be the optimal method for EPS separation, based on time, cost, and yield.

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Production of carbohydrates by marine planktonic diatoms. I. Comparison of nine different species in culture

Cited by 286 publications

References 16 publications

Influence de la température, de l'intensité lumineuse et du stade de croissance sur la composition biochimique deChlorella sorokinianaShihira & Krauss

Influence de la température, de l'intensité lumineuse et du stade de croissance sur la composition biochimique deChlorella sorokinianaShihira & Krauss

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Application of cross‐flow ultrafiltration for isolating exopolymeric substances from a marine diatom (Amphora sp.)

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