Productivity losses associated with tuberculosis deaths in the World Health Organization African region

Kirigia, Joses Muthuri; Muthuri, Rosenabi Deborah Karimi

doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0138-5

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Kenya's non-health GDP haemorrhage (NHGDPHA) associated with DALYs lost from k th disease (or health condition) is the sum of the NHGDPHA due to DALYs lost from k th disease among people aged 15-29 years (NHGDPA [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] ), 30-49 years (NHGDPA [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] ), and 50-59 years (NHGDPA [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] )…”

Section: Study Design the Lost Output Or Human Capital Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

Kirigia

Mwabu

2018

int arch med

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Background: This article estimates non-health gross domestic product (GDP) losses associated with Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost among 15-59 year olds (most productive age bracket) in Kenya in 2015.Methods: This study employs the lost output or human capital approach (HCA) to convert the DALYs lost from all causes into their monetary equivalents. The magnitude economic haemorrhage from each disease was obtained by multiplying the per capita non-health GDP in International Dollars by the total number of DALYs lost in a specific age group (15-29 years, 30-49 years, 50-59 years). Per capita non-health GDP equals per capita GDP minus total health expenditure in 2015. Data on DALYs and per capita total health expenditure were obtained from the World Health Organization and per capita GDP data was from IMF databases.Results: Kenya lost 9,405,184 DALYs among 15-59 years olds in 2015.That DALY loss caused a haemorrhage in GDP of Int$ 29,788,392,419. Approximately 48.6% of the GDP haemorrhage resulted from communicable diseases and nutritional conditions, 37.4% from non-communicable diseases, and 14.0% from injuries. Conclusion:There is need to augment domestic and external investments into national health systems and other systems that meet basic needs (education, food, water, sanitation, shelter) to reduce disease burden. In the same year the country lost a total of 21,854,898 Disability-Adjusted-Life-Years (DALYs) from all causes. Out of that total DALY loss, 59% were from communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions; 30% from non-communicable diseases (NCDs); and 11% from intentional and unintentional injuries. About 54% and 46% the total DALYs lost occurred in male and female gender respectively. Haemorrhage of Gross DomesticThe total DALYs losses were distributed unevenly across various age groups: 33.2% among 0-4 year-old; 13.6% among 5-14 year-old; 18.5% among 15-29 year-old; 18.8% among 30-49 yearold; 5.7% among 50-59 year-old; 5.1% among 60-69 year-old; and 5.1% among those aged 70 years and above [1]. Thus, 43% of the depletion in health or human capital was sustained by the most economically and socially productive age bracket of 15-59 years. The current study focuses on this age bracket.The large loss in DALYs has been attributed to weaknesses in national and local health systems responsible for providing quality health services [2,3]; systems that assure access to other basic needs (food, water, sanitation, education, clothing, shelter) or social determinants of health [4,5]; and national health research system that produces knowledge and facilitates its use in development of discoveries and innovations aimed at addressing health and socioeconomic needs [6,7].Various studies have attempted to estimate the productivity losses attributable to premature mortality from one or a group of disasters, diseases and health conditions in the WHO African Region (AFR). A study conducted in 2004 used regression modelling to estimate the impact of disaster-related mortality on gross d...

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Section: Study Design the Lost Output Or Human Capital Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kirigia and Muthuri [17] estimated productivity losses associated with tuberculosis deaths in AFR. Kirigia et al [18] estimated the indirect cost of maternal deaths in the AFR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

Kirigia

Mwabu

2018

int arch med

Self Cite

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“…The non-health GDP loss associated with NCD deaths among persons of a specific age group is the product of the total discounted years of life lost, per capita non-health GDP in purchasing power parity (PPP) and the total NCD deaths (TND) [23]. Each country's discounted total non-health GDP loss attributable to NCD deaths was estimated using the equations (1) to (6) below [24]. is the discount factor that converts future GDP losses into today's dollars; r is an interest rate that measures the opportunity cost of lost earnings; ∑ = n t 1 is the summation from year t to n; t is the first year of life lost, and n is the final year of the total number of years of life lost per NCD death, which is obtained by subtracting the average age at death (AAD) for NCD-related causes from each country's average life expectancy at birth;…”

Section: Human Capital Approach Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AAD: Average age at death; AAD 0-4 : Average age at death for those aged 0-4 years; AAD [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] : Average age at death for those aged [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] years; AAD [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] LHKN has a Master's Degree in Educational Administration, Planning and Social Policy from the University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa and a Bachelor of Education Degree from Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. She worked for a number of years as a financial advisor at the Old Mutual Life Assurance Company, Nairobi, Kenya.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of the 2.79 million NCD deaths in the region, 8% were in the age bracket 0-4 years, 5.5% in age bracket 5-14 years, 7.3% in age bracket [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] years, 26.4% in bracket group 18.5% in age bracket 60-69 years and 34.4% among those aged 70 years and above. Thus, majority of NCD deaths occurred among those aged 70 years and above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indirect cost of non-communicable diseases deaths in the World Health Organization African Region

Kirigia¹,

Mwabu²,

M’Imunya³

et al. 2017

int arch med

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Background: In 2012, a total of 9,398,809 deaths from all causes occurred in the WHO African Region; out of which 2,788,381 (29.67%) were due to non-communicable diseases (NCD). The objective of this study was to estimate future gross domestic product (GDP) losses associated with NCD deaths in the African Region for use to advocate for increased investments into prevention and management of NCDs. Methods:Human capital approach is used to estimate non-health GDP losses associated with NCD deaths. Future non-health GDP losses were discounted at 3%. The analysis was done for three income groups of countries and six age groups. One-way sensitivity analysis at 5% and 10% discount rates was undertaken to assess the impact on expected non-health GDP loss estimates. Results: The 2,788,381 NCD deaths that occurred in the AfricanRegion in 2012 are estimated to have resulted in a total discounted GDP loss of Int$ 61,302,450,005. Out of that total loss, 20.36% was borne by those aged 0-4 years; 12.76% by 5-14 years; 16.64% by 15-29 years; 44.93% by 30-59 years; 2.99% by 60-69 years; and 2.33% by those aged 70 years and above. Thus, those aged between 15 and 59 years bore 61.57% of the GDP losses.Approximately 47.4%, 33.1% and 19.5% of the total loss was borne by high and upper middle-, lower middle-and low-income countries respectively.

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Tuberculosis in a weak health system, conflict and fragile zone: The monetary value of human lives lost associated with deaths of persons older than 14 years in Somalia

Da’ar

Gele

2022

Health Planning & Management

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Background: Low tuberculosis (TB) detection and conflict and fragility have overburdened Somalia. This study estimated economic loss associated with TB deaths among persons aged >14 years. Method: Using epidemiologic and economic data, we calculated the cost based on the framework of the World Health Organization guide of identifying the economic consequences of disease and injury. Baseline loss is the product of years of life lost, non-health expenditure, and number of deaths. Adjusting for conflict and fragility conditions and growth of non-health expenditure, we discounted the loss at 3% rate. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of epidemiologic and economic factors.

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Productivity losses associated with tuberculosis deaths in the World Health Organization African region

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

Indirect cost of non-communicable diseases deaths in the World Health Organization African Region

Tuberculosis in a weak health system, conflict and fragile zone: The monetary value of human lives lost associated with deaths of persons older than 14 years in Somalia

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