Proficiency test for mycotoxins in oat meal

Elbers, I.J.W.; Pereboom, D.; Mol, J.G.J.; Nijs, W.C.M. de

doi:10.18174/508126

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Control samples were prepared with every batch and the recovery of HT2, T2 and DON over the period was 97–103%, using a certified oat reference material from BAM (ERM-BC720; 81 µg/kg T2 and HT2, containing also a non-certified level of 55 µg DON/kg). The method was shown to report the correct levels of HT2 (assigned values 61 and 185 µg/kg, z-scores ≤ 0.35), T2 (assigned values 24 and 133 µg/kg, z-scores ≤ 0.34) and DON (assigned values 4174 and 4268 µg/kg, z-scores = 0.07) in oat meal in a proficiency test in 2019 [ 46 ]. Z-scores ≤ 2.0 are generally regarded as satisfactory, and our method achieved z-scores ≤ 0.35.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Resistance to DON versus HT2 + T2 Producers in Nordic Oat Varieties

Hofgaard

Brodal

Almvik

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Over recent decades, the Norwegian cereal industry has had major practical and financial challenges associated with the occurrence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens and their associated mycotoxins in cereal grains. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common Fusarium-mycotoxins in Norwegian oats, however T-2 toxin (T2) and HT-2 toxin (HT2) are also commonly detected. The aim of our study was to rank Nordic spring oat varieties and breeding lines by content of the most commonly occurring Fusarium mycotoxins (DON and HT2 + T2) as well as by the DNA content of their respective producers. We analyzed the content of mycotoxins and DNA of seven fungal species belonging to the FHB disease complex in grains of Nordic oat varieties and breeding lines harvested from oat field trials located in the main cereal cultivating district in South-East Norway in the years 2011–2020. Oat grains harvested from varieties with a high FHB resistance contained on average half the levels of mycotoxins compared with the most susceptible varieties, which implies that choice of variety may indeed impact on mycotoxin risk. The ranking of oat varieties according to HT2 + T2 levels corresponded with the ranking according to the DNA levels of Fusarium langsethiae, but differed from the ranking according to DON and Fusarium graminearum DNA. Separate tests are therefore necessary to determine the resistance towards HT2 + T2 and DON producers in oats. This creates practical challenges for the screening of FHB resistance in oats as today’s screening focuses on resistance to F. graminearum and DON. We identified oat varieties with generally low levels of both mycotoxins and FHB pathogens which should be preferred to mitigate mycotoxin risk in Norwegian oats.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Resistance to DON versus HT2 + T2 Producers in Nordic Oat Varieties

Hofgaard

Brodal

Almvik

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…Recovery was 100% for DON, 3+15-Acetyl-DON and EnnB, 60%-70% for NIV, ZEA, EnnA, EnnA1 and EnnB1, and 45% for BEA. Our method reported the correct levels of HT-2, T-2, DON and ZEA (z-scores lower than 0.35) in oat meal in a proficiency test in 2019 [52]. Table 4.…”

Section: Mycotoxin Analysesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Removal of Small Kernels Reduces the Content of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oat Grain

Brodal¹,

Aamot²,

Almvik³

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Cereal grain contaminated by Fusarium mycotoxins is undesirable in food and feed because of the harmful health effects of the mycotoxins in humans and animals. Reduction of mycotoxin content in grain by cleaning and size sorting has mainly been studied in wheat. We investigated whether the removal of small kernels by size sorting could be a method to reduce the content of mycotoxins in oat grain. Samples from 24 Norwegian mycotoxin-contaminated grain lots (14 from 2015 and 10 from 2018) were sorted by a laboratory sieve (sieve size 2.2 mm) into large and small kernel fractions and, in addition to unsorted grain samples, analyzed with LC-MS-MS for quantification of 10 mycotoxins. By removing the small kernel fraction (on average 15% and 21% of the weight of the samples from the two years, respectively), the mean concentrations of HT-2+T-2 toxins were reduced by 56% (from 745 to 328 µg/kg) in the 2015 samples and by 32% (from 178 to 121 µg/kg) in the 2018 samples. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was reduced by 24% (from 191 to 145 µg/kg) in the 2018 samples, and enniatin B (EnnB) by 44% (from 1059 to 594 µg/kg) in the 2015 samples. Despite low levels, our analyses showed a trend towards reduced content of DON, ADON, NIV, EnnA, EnnA1, EnnB1 and BEA after removing the small kernel fraction in samples from 2015. For several of the mycotoxins, the concentrations were considerably higher in the small kernel fraction compared to unsorted grain. Our results demonstrate that the level of mycotoxins in unprocessed oat grain can be reduced by removing small kernels. We assume that our study is the first report on the effect of size sorting on the content of enniatins (Enns), NIV and BEA in oat grains.

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