Progenitor cell therapy for acquired pediatric nervous system injury: Traumatic brain injury and acquired sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

While cell therapies hold remarkable promise for replacing injured cells and repairing damaged tissues, cell replacement is not the only means by which these therapies can achieve therapeutic effect. For example, recent publications show that treatment with varieties of adult, multipotent stem cells can improve outcomes in patients with neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and hearing loss without directly replacing damaged or lost cells. As the immune system plays a central role in injury response and tissue repair, we here suggest that multipotent stem cell therapies achieve therapeutic effect by altering the immune response to injury, thereby limiting damage due to inflammation and possibly promoting repair. These findings argue for a broader understanding of the mechanisms by which cell therapies can benefit patients. K E Y W O R D S autologous stem cell transplantation, bone marrow, clinical translation, progenitor cells, umbilical cord blood 1 | INTRODUCTION This review will first consider two neurological conditions with unappreciated similarities: traumatic brain injury (TBI) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), paying particular attention to the role of the immune system in each. Next, it will review laboratory and clinical findings showing improved outcomes for TBI and SNHL upon treatment with allogenic or autologous stem cells, including mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs)-a range of nonhematopoietic, mesodermal lineage, multipotent stem cells. 1 Finally, it will evaluate the possible mechanisms of action, concentrating on the immune modulatory properties of MPCs.

Research progress on the treatment and nursing of sensorineural hearing loss

“…Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be performed in a specialized medical institution and under the guidance of a doctor. Recently, stem cell transplantation has also gradually been applied to the treatment of SNHL ( Baumgartner et al, 2021 ). Stem cell transplantation can repair the cell types in the damaged area through the migration and differentiation of stem cells, and has the potential for therapeutic application.…”

Advanced-Therapy Medicinal Products: Challenges for Implementation in Pediatric Clinical Practice

“…Эффективность и безопасность терапии мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками изучена в небольшом количестве, как правило, проспективных наблюдательных исследований с малыми выборками пациентов и отсутствием сравнения, что, вероятно, является причиной противоречивости полученных результатов. Имеется опыт клинического применения мезенхимальных стволовых клеток у детей для лечения бронхолегочной дисплазии [83][84][85][86], неонатального инсульта и гипоксической энцефалопатии [87][88][89][90], а также детского церебрального паралича [91,92], при травмах головного мозга [93] и аутизме [94].…”

Biomaterials as a new option for treating sensorineural hearing loss

“…1). This includes hereditary hearing loss, 9,10 noise exposure, 8,11,12 trauma, 13 ototoxic drugs (more than 600 drugs may cause ototoxicity, with a notable prevalence in aminoglycoside antibiotics as well as platinum-based antineoplastic drugs), 14 unhealthy lifestyle habits, 15 viral infections, 16 chemical exposure 17,18 and age-related hearing loss. 19,20 Unfortunately, treatment options for SNHL remain relatively restricted.…”