Progesterone and pregnancy

Renzo, Gian Carlo Di; Mattei, Alberto; Gojnić, M; Gerli, Sandro

doi:10.1097/01.gco.0000191899.84567.4d

Cited by 73 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…6, animals were treated with a superovulation protocol (intraperitoneal injection of 7 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin on day 1, 5 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin on day 3) and sacrificed on day 5 at the end of metaestrus. For real time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR) 4 experiments, mice were gavaged with 45 mg/kg T0901317 (T1317) (Cayman Chemical, Montigny le Bretonneux, France) or vehicle (methyl-cellulose) as previously described (28). For contractile activity assays and the mice used for experiments shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxysterol Nuclear Receptor LXRβ Regulates Cholesterol Homeostasis and Contractile Function in Mouse Uterus

Mouzat

Prod'homme

Volle

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The uterus is an organ where lipid distribution plays a critical role for its function. Here we show that nuclear receptor for oxysterols LXR␤ prevents accumulation of cholesteryl esters in mouse myometrium by controlling expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and storage (abca1 and abcg1). Upon treatment with an LXR agonist that mimics activation by oxysterols, expression of these target genes was increased in wild-type mice, whereas under basal conditions, lxr␣;␤ ؊/؊ mice exhibited a marked decrease in abcg1 accumulation. This change resulted in a phenotype of cholesteryl ester accumulation. Besides, a defect of contractile activity induced by oxytocin or PGF2␣ was observed in mice lacking LXR␤. These results imply that LXR␤ provides a safety valve to limit cholesteryl ester levels as a basal protective mechanism in the uterus against cholesterol accumulation and is necessary for a correct induction of contractions.The uterus is schematically divided into two distinct zones: endometrium and myometrium. The endometrium, located in the inner part of the organ, is the site of blastocyst implantation, and its epithelium undergoes cyclic radical changes under the control of ovarian sex steroid hormones (1); estrogens are responsible for epithelial cell hyperplasia, whereas progesterone blocks cell proliferation and induces differentiation. The myometrium (2), in the outer part of the uterus, accounts for more than 60% of the whole organ (3) and has a primordial role in uterine function. Whereas muscle quiescence due to high progesterone levels is essential during most of the pregnancy (4), efficient myometrium contractility is fundamental for a normal labor (for a review, see Ref. 5). This switch results from a modification in the plasma ratio of estrogens to progesterone signal that acts as primary event of the parturition. These hormonal changes also induce an increase in the level of endometrial prostaglandins, which play a role in the initiation and maintenance of labor, acting via specific relaxatory or contractile receptors on myometrium initiating contractions (6). Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that increased production of surfactant protein A by the fetal lung near term causes activation and migration of fetal amniotic fluid macrophages to the maternal uterus, where increased production of interleukin-1␤ activates NF-B, leading to labor (7,8). The inversion of the estradiol/progesterone ratio induces the expression of OXTR (oxytocin receptor). When activated by oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced by the pituitary, this receptor has a primordial contractile activity on the myometrium during labor. Besides, lipid distribution in myometrium is modified during pregnancy in humans. Although no change in total phospholipids occurs during pregnancy (9), modifications in membrane fluidity take place. Hence, transfers of omega 3 and omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential for normal fetal growth and development, from the mother to the fetus have been suggested (10). Likewise, an incre...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxysterol Nuclear Receptor LXRβ Regulates Cholesterol Homeostasis and Contractile Function in Mouse Uterus

Mouzat

Prod'homme

Volle

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Moreover, recent findings in mice indicate that inflammation-induced preterm ripening of the cervix and immigration of macrophages can be prevented by treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate [51]. It remains to be determined whether progesterone treatments affect macrophage traffic in the cervix or can forestall premature ripening of the cervix in patients at risk for preterm delivery [52][53][54]. In addition to systemic withdrawal of progesterone, findings by Condon et al raise the possibility that a local progesterone withdrawal may be a common unifying mechanism to promote uterine contractility and the onset of labor in mice [7], as has been suggested to occur in the uterus of parturient women [9].…”

Section: Fig 3 Photomicrographs Of Cervices From Ptgfrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parturition and Recruitment of Macrophages in Cervix of Mice Lacking the Prostaglandin F Receptor1

Yellon

Ebner

Sugimoto

2008

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Oral administration guarantees optimal compliance by patients but results in side effects such as nausea, headache, and sleepiness and shows extreme variability in the plasma concentrations because of individual variability in gastric filling and enteropathic circulation (7). The vaginal route results in higher concentrations in the uterus and lower, but constant, blood levels (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Uteroplacental circulation in early pregnancy complicated by threatened abortion supplemented with vaginal micronized progesterone or oral dydrogesterone

Czajkowski

Sieńko

Mogilinski

et al. 2007

Fertility and Sterility

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Progesterone and pregnancy

Cited by 73 publications

References 10 publications

Oxysterol Nuclear Receptor LXRβ Regulates Cholesterol Homeostasis and Contractile Function in Mouse Uterus

Oxysterol Nuclear Receptor LXRβ Regulates Cholesterol Homeostasis and Contractile Function in Mouse Uterus

Parturition and Recruitment of Macrophages in Cervix of Mice Lacking the Prostaglandin F Receptor1

Uteroplacental circulation in early pregnancy complicated by threatened abortion supplemented with vaginal micronized progesterone or oral dydrogesterone

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