“…healthcare, education, social care, active labour market policies) contribute to decommodification and defamilialization to varying degrees (Bambra, 2005;Hudson and Kühner, 2009;Jensen, 2008;Jensen and Lolle, 2013;Noël, 2020). For instance, in-work benefits aimed at 'making work pay' and alleviating child poverty are increasingly significant in Europe and North America (Daigneault and Macé, 2020;Ferrarini et al, 2013;Laun, 2019). These social benefits and services -the 'far side of the welfare state' -are frequently the responsibility of subnational governments, which have considerable constitutional and financial autonomy with respect to defining and implementing them (Banting, 2006;Ciccia and Javornik, 2019;Kazepov and Barberis, 2013), leading to significant variations in subnational welfare arrangements.…”