Programas educativos en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. Revisión integradora

Abstract

RESUMENSegún la OMS, el objetivo de la educación terapéutica (ET) es ayudar al paciente a adquirir los recursos necesarios para gestionar óptimamente su vida con una enfermedad crónica. La ET forma parte del tratamiento en la prevención secundaria y terciaria. La última revisión de la Cochrane ha demostrado resultados positivos, sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de las poblaciones, tipo de intervenciones y medidas de resultado hace que sea difícil establecer recomendaciones claras en este ámbito. Así como se desconoce qué instrumentos son los recomendables para evaluar el cumplimiento terapéutico en la EPOC. Por tanto es necesario realizar de una revisión con el objetivo de conocer las características de los ensayos clínicos, el perfil del paciente EPOC, los contenidos de la ET y las variables estudiadas en los mismos. Identificándose 22 ensayos clínicos con una alta calidad metodológica, escala Jadad >3 que mostraron que en los ensayos clínicos de programas de ET las variables más estudiadas son la calidad de vida, ingresos hospitalarios y las variables de función pulmonar, donde la ET disminuye los ingresos hospitalarios, favorece la deshabituación tabáquica, mejora los conocimientos de la EPOC cuyas intervenciones son sesiones grupales, con diferentes materiales educativos, existiendo un auge en el número de publicaciones en este ámbito. Existe una gran variedad en los instrumentos de evaluación y heterogeneidad de las intervenciones, para establecer conclusiones. Palabras clave: EPOC; educación en salud ABSTRACTAccording to WHO, the aim of therapeutic education (TE) is help the patient to acquire the resources necessary to optimally manage your life with a chronic disease. The TE is part of treatment in secondary and tertiary prevention. The latest Cochrane review has shown positive results however,

Comparative analysis of the psychometric parameters of two quality-of-life questionnaires, the SGRQ and CAT, in the assessment of patients with COPD exacerbations during hospitalization: A multicenter study

“…This produced a sample size of n = 50 from HCB and n = 150 for HUGC, with an expected loss of 22% based on prior literature. 27 …”

Análise de dois questionários sobre a qualidade de vida em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica

“…The study population was patients with exacerbation of COPD hospitalized in the HGUCS during the period of study. The sample size was 150 patients who had been diagnosed with severe COPD exacerbation during the 27-month study period, based on the annual mean of 229 admitted patients diagnosed with this condition, a 95% confidence, and a reposition rate of 22%, as based on the literature consulted ( 30 ) . Patients diagnosed with COPD exacerbation (ICD 491.2) were included on the basis of a history of smoking (active or previous) of at least 20 packs a year, along with the presence of obstruction of the airway flow defined as FEV1/FVC below 70 after bronchodilation, voluntarily decision to participate in the study after receiving explanations and after understanding the objective of the study.…”

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Knowledge Analysis In High School Students

“…COPD symptoms worsen abruptly, causing acute exacerbations, which are described as episodes of clinical instability that occur in the natural course of the disease and are marked by a sustained worsening of respiratory symptoms that exceeds their daily variability. These exacerbations are common during the disease, occurring 1-4 times a year on average, and have a significant impact on health-related quality of life due to progressive disability rather than immediate death (Folch A et al, 2017) .…”