Programmes, partnerships, and governance for elimination and control of neglected tropical diseases

Liese, Bernhard; Rosenberg, Mark L.; Schratz, Alexander

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61749-9

Cited by 130 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Mass drug administration (MDA) programmes which target whole communities are being used to target neglected tropical diseases such as lymphatic filiariasis and leprosy. These MDA programmes are occurring in Asian, African, Latin American and Pacific nations [34] and may result in increasing seasonal discharges of APIs to the environment [35], resulting in greater exposure and impact during such campaigns.…”

Section: (I) Differences In Disease Burdensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Kookana

Williams

Boxall

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

140

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can enter the natural environment during manufacture, use and/or disposal, and consequently public concern about their potential adverse impacts in the environment is growing. Despite the bulk of the human population living in Asia and Africa (mostly in low- or middle-income countries), limited work relating to research, development and regulations on APIs in the environment have so far been conducted in these regions. Also, the API manufacturing sector is gradually shifting to countries with lower production costs. This paper focuses mainly on APIs for human consumption and highlights key differences between the low-, middle- and high-income countries, covering factors such as population and demographics, manufacture, prescriptions, treatment, disposal and reuse of waste and wastewater. The striking differences in populations (both human and animal), urbanization, sewer connectivity and other factors have revealed that the environmental compartments receiving the bulk of API residues differ markedly between low- and high-income countries. High sewer connectivity in developed countries allows capture and treatment of the waste stream (point-source). However, in many low- or middle-income countries, sewerage connectivity is generally low and in some areas waste is collected predominantly in septic systems. Consequently, the diffuse-source impact, such as on groundwater from leaking septic systems or on land due to disposal of raw sewage or septage, may be of greater concern. A screening level assessment of potential burdens of APIs in urban and rural environments of countries representing low- and middle-income as well as high-income has been made. Implications for ecological risks of APIs used by humans in lower income countries are discussed.

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Section: (I) Differences In Disease Burdensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Kookana

Williams

Boxall

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

140

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“…These infections are most significant in the bottom billion of the world's poorest people (i.e., income US $1.25/day). 1 Humans are infected by ingestion of parasite eggs or contact with larvae that thrive in the warm and moist soil. Adult worm of STH can live for years in the human gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The STH infections are one of the world's most important causes of physical impairment, intellectual and cognitive retardation especially in children, thwarting educational advancement and hindering economic development. 1,2 The greatest morbidity is among children and women of childbearing age. 2,3 To date,~2 billion people or 24% of the world's population are infected with at least one species of STH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among Orang Asli Subgroups in Peninsular Malaysia

Ngui¹,

Shafie²,

Chua³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A cross-sectional study was conducted to provide comprehensive data on the patterns and associated risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections among five Orang Asli subgroups in Peninsular Malaysia. The overall prevalence of STH infections was 59.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 56.1-63.7%). Trichuris trichiura (54.3%; 95% CI = 50.4-58.2%) was the predominant species followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (26.7%; 95% CI = 23.3-30.1%) and hookworm (9.1%; 95% CI = 6.9-11.3%). This study showed diversity for STH infections by subgroup with poverty and personal sanitary behavior as important risk factors for infection. Risk profile analyses indicating that Orang Kuala subgroup who has a generally well-developed infrastructure and better quality of life had a low rate of infection. There is a need for poverty reduction and promotion of deworming programs along with mass scale campaigns to create awareness about health and hygiene to reduce STH infections.

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“…1 Nearly one billion people in the world suffer from NTDs, which are referred to as "neglected" because they are characterized by little attention from policy-makers, lack of priority within health strategies, inadequate research, limited resource allocation and few interventions. 2 While recently NTDs have been the focus of some attention globally, four of them continue to represent a major public health problem in the 11 countries comprising the South-East Asia Region (http://www.who.int/about/regions/ searo) of the World Health Organization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of neglected tropical diseases in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization

Narain¹,

Dash²,

Parnell³

et al. 2010

Bull World Health Org

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The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which affect the very poor, pose a major public health problem in the SouthEast Asia Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). Although more than a dozen NTDs affect the region, over the past five years four of them in particular -leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and yaws -have been targeted for elimination. These four were selected for a number of reasons. First, they affect the WHO South-East Asia Region disproportionately. For example, every year around 67% of all new leprosy cases and 60% of all new cases of visceral leishmaniasis worldwide occur in countries of the region, where as many as 850 million inhabitants are at risk of contracting lymphatic filariasis. In addition, several epidemiological, technological and historical factors that are unique to the region make each of these four diseases amenable to elimination. Safe and effective tools and interventions to achieve these targets are available and concerted efforts to scale them up, singly or in an integrated manner, are likely to lead to success. The World Health Assembly and the WHO Regional Committee, through a series of resolutions, have already expressed regional and global commitments for the elimination of these diseases as public health problems. Such action is expected to have a quick and dramatic impact on poverty reduction and to contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. This paper reviews the policy rationale for disease control in the WHO South-East Asia Region, the progress made so far, the lessons learnt along the way, and the remaining challenges and opportunities.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬

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Programmes, partnerships, and governance for elimination and control of neglected tropical diseases

Cited by 130 publications

References 45 publications

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Patterns and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among Orang Asli Subgroups in Peninsular Malaysia

Elimination of neglected tropical diseases in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization

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