Programming assembly of biomimetic exosomes: An emerging theranostic nanomedicine platform

Xu, Xiao; Xu, Limei; Wen, Caining; Xia, Jiang; Zhang, Yuanmin; Liang, Yujie

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100760

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Their advantages, such as target specificity, physical stability, biocompatibility, stimuli-responsiveness, and low immunogenicity, favors them as carriers for therapeutic agents [ 50 ]. However, obstacles persist, notably in large-scale production and drug loading [ 51 ]. Hence, we attempted to fabricate HVs combining liposomes and EVs and loaded them with DOX using an extrusion method with various fusion strategies [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Hybrid Vesicles and Cellular Internalization in Mammary Cancer Cells

Kim,

Guk,

Jeong

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Extracellular vesicles play an important role in intercellular communication, with the potential to serve as biomaterials for nanocarriers. Combining such extracellular vesicles and liposomes results in advanced drug delivery carriers. In this study, we attempted to fabricate hybrid vesicles using a membrane fusion method and incorporated an anticancer drug. As a result, we successfully prepared nanosized uniform hybrid vesicles and evaluated their physicochemical characteristics and intracellular uptake mechanisms via endocytosis in various cell lines. Compared to liposomes, the hybrid vesicles showed better physical properties and a relatively higher reduction in cell viability, which was presumably dependent on the specific cell type. These findings suggest that fusion-based hybrid vesicles offer a novel strategy for delivering therapeutic agents and provide insights into the types of extracellular vesicles that are useful in fabricating hybrid vesicles to develop an advanced drug delivery system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Hybrid Vesicles and Cellular Internalization in Mammary Cancer Cells

Kim,

Guk,

Jeong

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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“…We have found that NAM can be successfully loaded in the exogenously engineered EVs to reach the effective doses to offer the neuroprotective effect against the neurodegeneration event. As the EV repeatedly passes through the membrane to encapsulate free drug, all types of surface proteins are rearranged randomly, which can be evidenced by the different intensities of CD63, a representative tetraspanin [ 27 , 104 ]. Exogenous EV engineering is free from causing the bias influenced by the donor cells, allowing the fair comparison of the neuroprotective effect between the NAM-loaded EV group and the NAM only group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicle encapsulated nicotinamide delivered via a trans-scleral route provides retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection

Kim,

Rhim

et al. 2024

acta neuropathol commun

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The progressive and irreversible degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons is the major characteristic of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a cofactor and metabolite of redox reaction critical for neuronal survival. Supplementation with nicotinamide (NAM), a precursor of NAD, can confer neuroprotective effects against glaucomatous damage caused by an age-related decline of NAD or mitochondrial dysfunction, reflecting the high metabolic activity of RGCs. However, oral supplementation of drug is relatively less efficient in terms of transmissibility to RGCs compared to direct delivery methods such as intraocular injection or delivery using subconjunctival depots. Neither method is ideal, given the risks of infection and subconjunctival scarring without novel techniques. By contrast, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have advantages as a drug delivery system with low immunogeneity and tissue interactions. We have evaluated the EV delivery of NAM as an RGC protective agent using a quantitative assessment of dendritic integrity using DiOlistics, which is confirmed to be a more sensitive measure of neuronal health in our mouse glaucoma model than the evaluation of somatic loss via the immunostaining method. NAM or NAM-loaded EVs showed a significant neuroprotective effect in the mouse retinal explant model. Furthermore, NAM-loaded EVs can penetrate the sclera once deployed in the subconjunctival space. These results confirm the feasibility of using subconjunctival injection of EVs to deliver NAM to intraocular targets.

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“…Two main strategies for loading cargo into exosomes are pre-loading and post-loading ( Xu et al, 2023 ). Pre-loading entails loading cargo into parent cells before isolating exosomes, resulting in the secretion of exosomes already loaded with cargo.…”

Section: Engineering Strategies Of Msc-exos For Oa Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a promising cell-free therapy for knee osteoarthritis

Luo,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative disease, leads to high socioeconomic burdens and disability rates. The knee joint is typically the most affected and is characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation and synovial inflammation. The current management of OA mainly focuses on symptomatic relief and does not help to slow down the advancement of disease. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes have garnered significant attention in regenerative therapy and tissue engineering areas. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), as bioactive factor carriers, have promising results in cell-free therapy of OA. This study reviewed the application of various MSC-Exos for the OA treatment, along with exploring the potential underlying mechanisms. Moreover, current strategies and future perspectives for the utilization of engineered MSC-Exos, alongside their associated challenges, were also discussed.

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Programming assembly of biomimetic exosomes: An emerging theranostic nanomedicine platform

Cited by 27 publications

References 108 publications

Engineered Hybrid Vesicles and Cellular Internalization in Mammary Cancer Cells

Engineered Hybrid Vesicles and Cellular Internalization in Mammary Cancer Cells

Extracellular vesicle encapsulated nicotinamide delivered via a trans-scleral route provides retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a promising cell-free therapy for knee osteoarthritis

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