Progress in delivering SDG6: Safe water and sanitation

Abstract

Sustainable development goal 6 (SDG6) is to ensure the availability and sustainable management of safe water and sanitation for all by 2030. The water and sanitation goals are defined by 8 targets that specify the goals, and the progress towards the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development is measured with 11 indicators as metrics by which the world aims to track whether these targets are achieved. This article presents the current global progress against these indicators. During 2015–2020, globally the proportion of population with access to safely managed drinking water services improved from 70% to 74%, safely managed sanitation services grew from 47% to 54%, and handwashing facilities with soap and water increased from 67% to 71%. Among the world’s regions, many Sub-Saharan African countries may not be able to achieve even the target of basic water and sanitation services by 2030, with 61% access to basic water supply (compared to 90% globally) and 31% for sanitation (compared to 84% globally). There are also significant inequalities between rural and urban access to these services. Eight out of 10 people without basic water services lived in rural areas, while safely managed sanitation services reached 62%of the world’s urban population, but only 44% of its rural population. The world is on track to eliminate open defecation by 2030. The business-as-usual rates of progress would need to double for the world to achieve universal coverage with basic water and sanitation services by 2030. To achieve universal safely managed services, rates would need to quadruple. To achieve universal access to safely managed drinking water by 2030 in low- and middle-income countries, the current rates would need to increase ten-fold. Some barriers to progress are discussed.

Wastewater Management Strategy for Resilient Cities—Case Study: Challenges and Opportunities for Planning a Sustainable Timor-Leste

“…Access to safe water is crucial to the prevention of diseases like diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and polio, which cause an estimated 505,000 deaths annually. Despite the global significance of the issue, during 2015-2020, the proportion of the population with access to safely managed drinking water services improved from 70 to 74% [29]. A WaterAid report documented that 75 children under the age of five die every year due to diarrhea diseases caused by poor water and sanitation in Timor-Leste.…”

“…Land 2024, 13, 799 2 of 29 In cases where new buildings are not equipped with adequate sanitation systems, wastewater flows through open sewers and contributes significantly to pollution, the degradation of land, and losses of biodiversity, affecting the marine and urban environment and posing a risk for public health and clean water security. Macro-and mycobacteria in wastewater can negatively impact human health through the spread of diseases, such as cholera, typhoid fever, and tuberculosis; viruses can cause hepatitis; and protozoa can cause dysentery [5].…”

Introducing Cambridge Prisms Water: Solutions for managing an essential resource and critical hazard

“…In addition, Grafton et al (2023) provide an economic review of the price and value of water, whereas Bartholomeus et al (2023) report from the Netherlands on how water is being managed across the flood-drought spectrum. Rajapakse et al (2023) present progress towards attaining targets of SDG 6 globally, and Shah (2023) discusses the need to move away from siloed thinking with respect to policymaking in the water, energy, food and agriculture fields by embracing "pragmatic but principled" solutions. Holman and Knox (2023) highlight the impact of drought on UK agriculture, including economic damages this could lead to, barriers to implementing drought resilience all through to forecasting agricultural water demand.…”