Progress in Electrochemical and Electrophoretic Deposition of Nickel with Carbonaceous Allotropes: A Review

Abstract

Ni has applications in batteries, microchips, aerospace, medical equipment, power generation, and automotive industries but corrosion, erosion, and wear can destruct the surface and make it inept for the applications mentioned above. Carbonaceous reinforcements of carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, diamond, diamond‐like carbon, and fullerene have supplemented the performance of Ni coatings. Electrochemical (ED) and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are widely used techniques to deposit coating. This review encompasses an overview of research progress in the domain of ED and EPD of Ni with carbonaceous reinforcements along with the influencing parameters, mechanism of deposition, description of types, and potential applications of carbonaceous reinforcements. The ample depiction on mechanical, tribological, and electrochemical properties reveals an amended hardness (610 Hv), elastic modulus (240 GPa), wear resistance (wear rate ≈2 × 10−5 mm3 N m−1) and corrosion resistance (Icorr = 0.398 µA cm−2) of Ni‐carbonaceous deposit coatings. Nonetheless, the interconnection of experimental evaluations along with the theoretical studies using first‐principles density functional theory, ab initio, and computational simulations can also deliver a new insight to structural stability, electronic properties, and interfacial mechanism of Ni‐carbonaceous coatings. Thus, this review in detail presents the correlative narration of experimental and theoretical studies of Ni‐carbonaceous depositions that provide multifunctional and prominent research direction on multifunctional coatings.

WS2 Nanosheet/Graphene Heterostructures for Paper-Based Flexible Photodetectors

“…The voltage between the graphene conducting film on paper and the Cu counter electrode is 30 V. The n-type semiconducting nanosheets suspended in the suspension travel to the oppositely charged positive electrode because of the electric field and then settle on it. The driving force on the nanosheets is the interaction of the electrical field with the surface charge on the nanosheets. , A film of pristine WS 2 nanosheets was produced by spin coating at 500 rpm for phase confirmation using X-ray diffraction (XRD).…”

Raman maps reveal heterogeneous hydrogenation on carbon materials

“…The physical and chemical properties of carbon materials can be tailored by varying the predominant carbon hybridization (sp 2 or sp 3 ) and levels of crystallinity and by chemical modification 5,8–10 . Carbon materials and coatings play an important role in several modern applications, including as materials for engine components, automobile parts, cutting tools, optical components, and biomedical devices 11–14 . The current techniques for the fabrication of high‐quality amorphous carbon films and materials require complex and expensive equipment 15 .…”

“…A variety of examples of electrochemical synthesis have been reported in literature with a wide distribution of synthesis parameters. For instance, a large range of applied potentials (from 2 to 2000 V), electrolytes (acetonitrile, DMF, nitromethane, and others), temperatures (from 20°C to 60°C), deposition times (1 to 24 h), and substrate (Si, Ti, ITO‐coated glass, and Al) have been reported 12,15–27 . The only common parameter among all of these previous work is the use of graphite as the anode.…”

“…5,[8][9][10] Carbon materials and coatings play an important role in several modern applications, including as materials for engine components, automobile parts, cutting tools, optical components, and biomedical devices. [11][12][13][14] The current techniques for the fabrication of high-quality amorphous carbon films and materials require complex and expensive equipment. 15 Therefore, there are large efforts in academic and commercial laboratories geared towards simple approaches to generate low-cost amorphous carbon films.…”

“…For instance, a large range of applied potentials (from 2 to 2000 V), electrolytes (acetonitrile, DMF, nitromethane, and others), temperatures (from 20 C to 60 C), deposition times (1 to 24 h), and substrate (Si, Ti, ITO-coated glass, and Al) have been reported. 12,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The only common parameter among all of these previous work is the use of graphite as the anode.…”