Progress in hydrometallurgical technologies to recover critical raw materials and precious metals from low-concentrated streams

Perez, Jeffrey Paulo H.; Folens, Karel; Leus, Karen; Vanhaecke, Frank; Voort, Pascal Van Der; Laing, Gijs Du

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.11.029

Cited by 93 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…In August 2014, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Supervision of Waste Flue Gas Denitrification Catalysts" and the "Guidelines for the Examination of Hazardous Waste Business Licenses for Waste Flue Gas Denitrification Catalysts" to decontaminate waste flue gas denitrification catalysts. Therefore, the recovery of valuable metals such as vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), and tungsten (W) in the waste SCR catalyst can not only bring significant economic benefits but also avoid environmental pollution and waste of resources (Perez et al, 2019;Marafi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of vanadium and tungsten from spent selective catalytic reduction catalyst by alkaline pressure leaching

Liu¹,

Xu²,

Liu³

2020

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Improving the efficiency of precious metal recovery from spent Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst provides economic benefits and promises sustainable use of resources. Here we demonstrate highly efficient alkaline pressure leaching method for the extraction of vanadium (V) and tungsten (W) from spent SCR catalyst. We analyzed the effects of experimental parameters such as the stirring speed, leaching agent concentration, leaching temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and leaching time. The Box-Behnken design of experiments and the response surface methodology have been employed to understand the impact of the leaching parameters and the impact of their interactions on the leaching rate of V and W. The results showed that the leaching agent concentration significantly promoted the recovery of V and W; the influence of the reaction temperature and leaching time moderately increased the leaching rate of the metals. Moreover, the efficiency of the alkaline pressure leaching technique was determined by the interactions between leaching time and reaction temperature, and the relationships between reaction temperature and leaching agent concentration. By using the response surface methodology, the optimal leaching conditions were found that the leaching agent concentration was 4.75 mol×L-1, the leaching temperature was 190 °C, and the reaction time was 44.5 min, and the predicted values of V and W leaching rates were 95.76% and 98.36%, respectively. Based on the excellent fitting between modeling and experimental results demonstrated in this work, we conclude that our study can shed light on the development of highly efficient and sustainable metal recovery strategies for practical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of vanadium and tungsten from spent selective catalytic reduction catalyst by alkaline pressure leaching

Liu¹,

Xu²,

Liu³

2020

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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“…One such metal is cobalt, which is also typically present in sewage sludge at concentrations on the order of 10 to 2500 mg kg −1 dry sludge [18]. Cobalt has been, together with phosphate rock, included in the EU's list of critical raw materials (CRMs) [19,20] due to its high economic importance and low substitutability in advanced technological applications. In low quantities, cobalt is also an essential element for human and animal nutrition as it is the central atom in cobalamin, also known as vitamin B12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Struvite Crystallisation and the Effect of Co2+ Ions

et al. 2019

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The controlled crystallisation of struvite (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O) is a viable means for the recovery and recycling of phosphorus (P) from municipal and industrial wastewaters. However, an efficient implementation of this recovery method in water treatment systems requires a fundamental understanding of struvite crystallisation mechanisms, including the behavior and effect of metal contaminants during struvite precipitation. Here, we studied the crystallisation pathways of struvite from aqueous solutions using a combination of ex situ and in situ time-resolved synthesis and characterization techniques, including synchrotron-based small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Struvite syntheses were performed both in the pure Mg-NH4-PO4 system as well as in the presence of cobalt (Co), which, among other metals, is typically present in waste streams targeted for P-recovery. Our results show that in the pure system and at Co concentrations < 0.5 mM, struvite crystals nucleate and grow directly from solution, much in accordance with the classical notion of crystal formation. In contrast, at Co concentrations ≥ 1 mM, crystallisation was preceded by the transient formation of an amorphous nanoparticulate phosphate phase. Depending on the aqueous Co/P ratio, this amorphous precursor was found to transform into either (i) Co-bearing struvite (at Co/P < 0.3) or (ii) cobalt phosphate octahydrate (at Co/P > 0.3). These amorphous-to-crystalline transformations were accompanied by a marked colour change from blue to pink, indicating a change in Co2+ coordination in the formed solid from tetrahedral to octahedral. Our findings have implications for the recovery of nutrients and metals during struvite crystallisation and contribute to the ongoing general discussion about the mechanisms of crystal formation.

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“…Future REE recycling efforts should, therefore, focus on the development of recycling technology and infrastructure. Perez et al [33] provides an overview of the present status and outlook on technologies used to recover critical metals from solution, including precipitation, reduction, ion exchange, solvent extraction, electrochemical methods and adsorption onto novel, sustainable materials. They finally suggested key directions to tackle existing challenges in the field of resource recovery and improve the sustainability of future material cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloy Substitution in a Critical Raw Materials Perspective

Ferro¹,

Bonollo²,

Cruz³

2019

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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Since many years, the European Community has been monitoring some raw materials because of their high importance to the European Union economy and their high supply risk. Such raw materials, classified as critical, form a strong industrial base, producing a lot of goods and applications used in everyday life and modern technologies. Many critical raw materials are used as alloying elements and their high supply risk may constitute a serious problem for the future world economy and technological progress. Mitigating actions are therefore needed such as recycling, material efficiency improvements and, when possible, material substitution. In the present work, a systematic approach for alloy substitution and/or optimization in a critical raw materials perspective is developed. The method is illustrated with an example.

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Progress in hydrometallurgical technologies to recover critical raw materials and precious metals from low-concentrated streams

Cited by 93 publications

References 124 publications

Recovery of vanadium and tungsten from spent selective catalytic reduction catalyst by alkaline pressure leaching

Recovery of vanadium and tungsten from spent selective catalytic reduction catalyst by alkaline pressure leaching

Struvite Crystallisation and the Effect of Co2+ Ions

Alloy Substitution in a Critical Raw Materials Perspective

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