Progress in palaeotsunami research

Goff, James; Chagué‐Goff, Catherine; Nichol, Scott L.; Jaffe, Bruce E.; Dominey‐Howes, Dale

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.11.002

Cited by 284 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…There are several ways to establish paleotsunami chronologies (see Goff et al 2012 for a review), which are key in identifying event layers and establishing tsu− nami frequency analysis. In coastal plain settings, one may assess the age of an event by dating the pre−tsunami soils and associated plants remains, the tsunami deposit itself, or the post−tsunami soils and plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cochard et al 2008;Szczuciński 2012;Kaiser et al 2013) and temperate (e.g. Chagué− Goff et al 2012) climate zones. The rate of the recovery is varied and de− pends on many local factors including precipitation, slope gradients, drainage effi− ciency, soil permeability, thickness and the nature of the tsunami deposits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chagué− Goff et al 2012;Szczuciński et al 2005). The Paatuut tsunami took place in the late autumn and left porous deposits on a gently inclined slope, facilitating relatively rapid water percolation and drain− age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights into the 21 November 2000 tsunami in West Greenland from analyses of the tree−ring structure of Salix glauca

Buchwał¹,

Szczuciński²,

Long³

2015

Polish Polar Research

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Abstract:We test the application of dendrochronological methods for dating and assessing the environmental impacts of tsunamis in polar regions, using an example of the 21 Novem− ber 2000 landslide−generated tsunami in Vaigat Strait (Sullorsuaq Strait), West Greenland. The studied tsunami inundated a c. 130 m−wide coastal plain with seawater, caused erosion of beaches and top soil and covered the area with an up to 35 cm−thick layer of tsunami de− posits composed of sand and gravel. Samples of living shrub, Salix glauca (greyleaf wil− low) were collected in 2012 from tsunami−flooded and non−flooded sites. The tree−ring analyses reveal unambiguously that the tsunami−impacted area was immediately colonized during the following summer by rapidly growing shrubs, whilst one of our control site spec− imens records evidence for damage that dates to the time of the tsunami. This demonstrates the potential for dendrochronological methods to act as a precise tool for the dating of Arc− tic paleotsunamis, as well as rapid post−tsunami ecosystem recovery. The reference site shrubs were likely damaged by solifluction in the autumn 2000 AD that was triggered by high seasonal rainfall, which was itself a probable contributory factor to the tsunami−gener− ating landslide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights into the 21 November 2000 tsunami in West Greenland from analyses of the tree−ring structure of Salix glauca

Buchwał¹,

Szczuciński²,

Long³

2015

Polish Polar Research

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“…These events are purported to have caused death, abandonment of coastal settlements, movement of people both inland and uphill, widespread loss of coastal resources, loss of technologies, onset of warfare, breakdown of trading routes, and in some cases the development of event-related rituals and oral histories (e.g. Goff and Nunn 2016;Goff et al 2012a;Matsumoto et al 2012;McFadgen 2007;McMillan and Hutchinson 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehistoric Coastal Mass Burials: Did Death Come in Waves?

Cain

Goff

McFadgen

2018

J Archaeol Method Theory

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Recent large tsunamis in the twenty-first century have provided graphic reminders of the catastrophic impacts such natural hazards can have upon coastal communities. Death tolls in the thousands give rise to the rapid adoption of coastal mass burials for the interment of the dead. While recognised as a necessary practice in the aftermath of such contemporary tragedies, the paucity of coastal mass burial sites related to earlier tsunamis reported in the archaeological record is unusual. We establish a suite of criteria for identifying the geological and archaeological evidence of inundation by past tsunamis and review case studies from two well-documented prehistoric coastal mass burial sites in the Southern Hemisphere (Solomon Islands and Vanuatu). To varying degrees, both sites possess numerous characteristics that suggest direct correlation with previously reported catastrophic palaeotsunamis. In the Northern Hemisphere, we investigate palaeotsunami inundation as an alternative hypothesis for mass burial sites in Orkney and Shetland, a relatively tectonically inactive region where such an association is unlikely to have ever been considered. The nature, chronology and location of these mass burial sites fit well with the proposed archaeological evidence for palaeotsunami inundation, and they also appear to be contemporaneous with the as-yet poorly documented Garth tsunami (~5500 years BP). We suggest that a potentially key diagnostic criterion for determining a palaeotsunami linkage is the use of diatom testing on skeletal remains to establish whether death was caused by drowning in saltwater, a test which has never been applied in this context. J Archaeol Method Theory

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“…, Bourgeois et al, 1988;Fujino et al, 2006Fujino et al, 1960 modern Shiki et al, 2008Shiki et al, , , 1995, 1999;Dawson and Shi, 2000;Scheffers and Kelletat, 2003;, 2004;Dawson and Stewart, 2007;Bourgeois, 2009;Peters and Jaffe, 2010;Goff et al, 2012200420041960, 19617 1980Atwater 1987Bourgeois et al 1988Dawson et al 1988 Atwater 1987 Alastair Dawson Storrega tsunami Dawson et al, 1988Dawson et al, , 1987Dawson et al, 1983Dawson et al, 300 , 1987Dawson et al, 1990 , Bourgeois and Reinhart, 1993;Nishimura and Miyaji, 1995;Shi et al, 1995;Dawson et al, 1996;Minoura et al, 1996;Nanayama et al,2000 Atwater andMoore, 1992;Albertão and Martins, 1996;Benson et al, 1997;Hutchinson et al, 1997Hutchinson et al, , 2000, 1999, 1755, , 1990Minoura and Nakaya, 1991, 2001, , 2011…”

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confidence: 99%

地層中に存在する古津波堆積物の調査

Sawai

2012

Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan

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After the Tohoku tsunami, demand increased greatly for geologists with expertise in the geology of tsunami deposits, who could study prehistoric tsunami deposits. This paper reviews, for those new to tsunami geology, how geologists have studied tsunami deposits during the last two decades. Preliminary identification of a paleotsunami deposit is based on the identification of anomalous sand deposits in peat or mud that was deposited in a low-energy environment. Anomalous deposits can then be evaluated using several criteria, such as lateral extent of the deposit, changes in thickness and grain size, sedimentary structures, single or multiple vertical grading, floral and faunal fossils within the deposits, synchroneity of environmental changes, and correlation with historical records of earthquakes. In this process, a multi-proxy approach is used to discount non-tsunami processes such as floods and storms. Identified tsunami deposits are dated using radiocarbon, lead-, cesium-, tephrochronology, and optically stimulated luminescence dating methods. For radiocarbon dating, appropriate selection of materials for analysis is especially crucial for constraining the age of a tsunami. Plant macrofossils or fossil insects within samples from sediments immediately over-or underlying a tsunami deposit will constrain its age well, whereas a bulk peat sample will not. The lateral extent of continuous tsunami deposits allows estimation of a minimum area of tsunami inundation. A meaningful reconstruction of the area of inundation, however, also requires adjustments for changes of the shoreline over the last few thousand years. In studies of paleotsunami deposits, we need to be aware of the uncertainties inherent in geological records. For example, geologic dating at a particular site rarely has the precision to distinguish between a single giant tsunami and a series of small ones.

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Progress in palaeotsunami research

Cited by 284 publications

References 156 publications

New insights into the 21 November 2000 tsunami in West Greenland from analyses of the tree−ring structure of Salix glauca

New insights into the 21 November 2000 tsunami in West Greenland from analyses of the tree−ring structure of Salix glauca

Prehistoric Coastal Mass Burials: Did Death Come in Waves?

地層中に存在する古津波堆積物の調査

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