Progress in the 10-MW ECRH System for the Stellarator W7-X

Dammertz, G.; Braune, H.; Erckmann, V.; Gantenbein, G.; Kasparek, W.; Laqua, H. P.; Leonhardt, W.; Michel, G.; Müller, G.; Neffe, G.; Piosczyk, B.; Schmid, Martin; Thumm, M.

doi:10.1109/tps.2004.823972

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The gyrotrons have been used successfully for ECRH and Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) experiments [2] . For the Wendelstein 7-X stellator at Greifswald [3] , ECRH is planned as the main heating system. A 10-MW system, making use of 1-MW CW gyrotron at 140GHz, is under development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of long-pluse high-power 170GHz gyrotron for fusion plasma ECRH

Liu¹,

Wang

Chen³

et al. 2023

Earth and Space: From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)

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The MW gyrotrons are key devices in ECRH of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion systems. In order to achieve the high power and long pulse of the 170GHz gyrotron, which are adopted in the CFETR, a TE25.10-mode 170GHz gyrotron research are given in this paper. A single-anode magnetron injection gun (MIG) and the cylindrical resonant cavity operating are designed and optimized by PIC. The theoretical output power of the gyrotron with operating Voltage 75kV, electron current 45A is about 1.1MW, corresponding to electron efficiency of 32.6%. The gyrotron has been fabricated with the single-depressed collector and quasi-optical mode converter and will be tested in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of long-pluse high-power 170GHz gyrotron for fusion plasma ECRH

Liu¹,

Wang

Chen³

et al. 2023

Earth and Space: From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)

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“…The total ECRH power is generated by 10 gyrotrons operating at 140 GHz with 1 MW output power in CW operation each [2,3]. Two subgroups of 5 gyrotrons are arranged symmetrically to a central beam duct in the ECRH hall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of central control system for the 10MW ECRH-plant at W7-X

Braune

Brand

Erckmann

et al. 2007

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Abstract. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) is the main heating method for the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X) which is presently under construction at IPP Greifswald. The mission of W7-X is to demonstrate the inherent steady state capability of stellarators at reactor relevant plasma parameters. A modular 10 MW ECRH plant at 140 GHz with 1 MW CW-capability power for each module is also under construction to support the scientific objectives. The commissioning of the ECRH plant is well under way; three gyrotrons are operational. The strict modular design allows to operate each gyrotron separately and independent from all others. The ECRH plant consists of many devices such as gyrotrons and high voltage power supplies, superconductive magnets, collector sweep coils, gyrotron cooling systems with many water circuits and last but not least the quasi-optical transmission line for microwaves with remote controlled mirrors and further water cooled circuits. All these devices are essential for a CW operation. A steady state ECRH has specific requirements on the stellarator machine itself, on the microwave sources, transmission elements and in particular on the central control system. The quasi steady state operation (up to 30 min) asks for real time microwave power adjustment during the different segments of one stellarator discharge. Therefore the ECRH plant must operate with a maximum reliability and availability. A capable central control system is an important condition to achieve this goal. The central control system for the 10 MW ECRH -plant at W7-X comprises three main parts. In detail these are the voltage and current regulation of each gyrotron, the interlock system to prevent the gyrotrons from damages and the remote control system based on a hierarchy set of PLC's and computers. The architecture of this central control system is presented.

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State-of-the-Art of High-Power Gyro-Devices and Free Electron Masers

Thumm

2020

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

308

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STATE-OF-THE-ART OF HIGH POWER GYRO-DEVICES AND FREE ELECTRON MASERSAt present, gyrotron oscillators are mainly used as high power millimeter wave sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and diagnostics of magnetically confmed plasmas for generation of energy by controlled thermonuclear fusion. 140 GHz gyrotrons with output power Pout = 0.58 MW, pulse length 't = 2.0 s and efficiency 11 = 34 % are commercially available. Diagnostic gyrotrons deliver P out = 40 kW with 't = 40 J-lS at frequencies up to 650 GHz (11 2_ 4 %). Recently, gyrotron oscillators have also been successfully used in matedal processing and plasma chemistry. Such technological applications require gyrotrons with the following parameters: f 2. 28 GHz , Pout = 10-30 kW, CW, 11 2. 30 %. This paper reports on achievements and problems related to the development of very high power mm-wave gyrotrons for long pulse or CW operation and describes the microwave technological pecularities of the different development steps. In addition, this work gives a short overview of the present development of gyrotrons for technological applications, quasi-optical gyrotrons, cyclotron autoresonance masers (CARMs), gyro-ldystrons, gyro-TWT amplifiers, gyro-BWO's and free electron masers (FEMs). The most impressive FEM output parameters are: Pout = 2GW, 't = 20 ns, 11 = 13 % at 140 GHz (LLNL) and Pout = 15 kW, 't = 20 J-tS, 11 = 5 % in the range from 120 to 900 GHz (UCSB). ENTWICKLUNGSSTAND VON HOCHLEISTUNGS-GYRO-RÖHREN UND FREI-ELEKTRONEN-MASERN Übersiebt Gyrotronoszillatoren werden derzeit vorwiegend als Hochleistungsmillimeterwellenquellen für die Elektron-Zyklotron-Resonanzheizung (ECRH) und Diagnostik von magnetisch eingeschlossenen Plasmen zur Erforschung der Energiegewinnung durch kontrollierte Kernfusion eingesetzt. 140 GHz Gyrotrons mit einer Ausgangsleistung von Pout = 0.58 MW bei Pulslängen von 't = 2.0 s und Wirkungsgraden von • 11 = 34% sind kommerziell erhältlich. Gyrotrons zur Plasmadiagnostik erreichen Frequenzen bis zu 650 GHz bei P out = 40 kW und 't = 40 ~-ts (11 2. 4 %). In jüngster Zeit jedoch finden Gyrotronoszillatoren auch für technologische Prozesse und in der Plasmachemie erfolgreich Verwendung. Dabei werden Röhren mit folgenden Parametern eingesetzt: f 2_ 28 GHz, Pout = 10-30 kW, CW, 11 2. 30 %. In diesem Beitrag wird auf den aktuellen Stand und die Probleme bei der Entwicklung von Hochleistungs-mm-Wellen-Gyrotrons für Langpuls-und Dauerstrichbetrieb sowie auf die mikrowellentechnischen Besonderheiten der einzelnen Entwicklungsphasen eingegangen: Außerdem wird auch kurz über den neuesten Stand der Entwicklung von Gyrotrons für technologische Anwendungen, quasi-optischen Gyrotrons, Zyklotron-Autoresonanz-Masern (CARMs), Gyroklystrons, Gyro-TWT-Verstärkern, Gyro-Rückwärtswellenoszillatoren (BWOs) und Frei-Elektronen-Maser (FEM) berichtet. FEM-Rekordausgangsparameter sind hier: Pout = 2 GW, 't = 20 ns, 11 = 13 % bei 140 GHz (LLNL) und Pout = 15 kW, 't = 20 J-lS, 11 = 5 % im Bereich von 120 bis 900 GHz (UCSB). Contents

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Progress in the 10-MW ECRH System for the Stellarator W7-X

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Study of long-pluse high-power 170GHz gyrotron for fusion plasma ECRH

Study of long-pluse high-power 170GHz gyrotron for fusion plasma ECRH

Architecture of central control system for the 10MW ECRH-plant at W7-X

State-of-the-Art of High-Power Gyro-Devices and Free Electron Masers

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