Progress in Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis for Condensed Matter Sciences Developed From Ultrasonic Nebulization Theories Since Michael Faraday

Abstract

Abstract

Observation of the structural, optical and magnetic properties during the transformation from hexagonal NiS nano-compounds to cubic NiO nanostructures due to thermal oxidation

“…The clear change in lattice parameter before after transition is rather continuous than sharp which leads to an irreversible second order transition [50][51][52][53][54].…”

Spray Pyrolysis Technique; High-K Dielectric Films and Luminescent Materials: A Review

“…The actual experimental distribution of the droplet diameter size distribution generated by pneumatic means [3] is shown in Figure 1b, for the number of drops and for the total mass carried by the drops, in both cases a broad distribution is observed. Figure 1c shows a diagram of an ultrasonic system [5], in which the aerosol is generated by the ultrasonic waves produced with a piezoelectric disc in contact with the precursor solution. The standing waves generated at/near the surface of the liquid solution result in a generation of droplets in a combination of surface waves (capillary waves) and cavitation phenomena.…”

“…Finally, for high temperature (small droplet sizes) the vaporized precipitates undergo a chemical reaction in the vapor phase before they reach the substrate surface (process D). In the case powder synthesis, similar processes occur—but for this case, the parameter that controls the occurrence of the different synthesis stages is the time of flight (time of residence) of the droplet inside the hot zone of the furnace [5]. …”

“…In the case of films, they are usually deposited over a wide variety of substrates that can be easily adapted for large area deposition and industrial production processes [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. A large amount of the work reported using this technique is concerned with semiconductors, metal and transparent conductive oxides (TCO’s) related to their electrical conductivity characteristics.…”

Synthesis of Photoactive Materials by Sonication: Application in Photocatalysis and Solar Cells

“…A distinctive feature of the method is that it can produce porous microspheres of various compositions without template and with good phase purity, and the morphology can be easily controlled during the process to ensure homogeneous composition distribution in the spheres [52,53]. In this approach of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Suslick et al [54] synthesized BiVO 4 powders with particles ranging from thin, hollow and porous shells to ball-in-balltype structures.…”