Progress of environmental sample preparation for elemental analysis

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

“…Reviews on separation and preconcentration techniques covered both multiple- and single-element determinations. Zhong et al 118 reviewed (167 references) phase separation and field-assisted acceleration methods for multi-element analysis in soils, geological materials, plants and foods. Attention was drawn to the need for species-specific methods.…”

“…Sn concentration match between sample and bracketing standard should be better than AE20% and Cd/Sn < 0.01. Long-term precision for d 122 Sn/118 Sn <AE0.069& (2SD) for a spiked solution of 100 mg g −1 Sn. Values for nine rock RMs agreed with published data within analytical uncertainties Sr/86 Sr and88 Sr/86 Sr resulted in better sample throughput compared to double-spike TIMS.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in elemental speciation

“…A more general review covering the past 5 years (167 references) of sample preparation for the elemental analysis of environmental samples, does contain substantial coverage of elemental speciation. 16 The reviewers introduced a system of classification of sample preparation featuring three strategies: phase separation; field-assisted acceleration; and integration system. The subsequent coverage of relevant procedures is a bit patchy: CPE, for example, merited only one reference and a single 50-word paragraph.…”

“…Ammonium formate 5 mmol L −1 , pH 5.8 was held for 6 min at 100%, aer which a salt gradient from 0 to 100% ammonium formate 150 mmol L −1 , pH 5.8 was applied, at a ow rate of 0.4 mL min −1 and 5 mL injection volume. A triple quadrupole ICP-MS/MS instrument was used with O 2 as reaction gas and monitoring of the 158 Gd + and 158 Gd 16 O + ions, humic acids were identied using a UV detector at 300 nm. Whilst the peaks obtained for the Gd-humic acid complexes were excessively broad in nature, the LOD and LOQ obtained via speciation analysis were 0.7 and 2.2 nmol L −1 for gadodiamide and 0.5 and 1.8 nmol L −1 for gadobutrol, respectively.…”

Recent Progress on Microfluidics Integrated with Fiber-Optic Sensors for On-Site Detection

“…The achievement of on-site detection mainly depends on the sample pretreatment methods and instrument analysis technologies. The sample pretreatment methods need to be simple and reliable, while the instruments are expected to be handheld, smartphone-based, or at least suitable for use in vehicles [3][4][5][6]. The portability and miniaturization of instruments mean that not all detection methods are suitable for on-site detection.…”