Progress on neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer and potential biomarkers

Wu, Xinyu; Chau, Yi Fung; Bai, Hua; Zhuang, Xiaofei; Wang, Jie; Duan, Jianchun

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1099304

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Despite progress in neoadjuvant and multimodal therapies, postoperative relapses persist as a formidable challenge, necessitating innovative interventions ( 335 ). The complex interaction among neoplastic and stromal components within tumor surroundings adds complexity to the disease.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer

Mustafa,

Abbas,

Alam

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a clinically challenging malignancy constitutes a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality, characterized by an inherently poor prognosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by examining its multifaceted etiologies, including genetic mutations and environmental factors. The review explains the complex molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and summarizes current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and emerging modalities such as immunotherapy. Critical molecular pathways driving pancreatic cancer development, including KRAS, Notch, and Hedgehog, are discussed. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are discussed, with an emphasis on their limitations, particularly in terms of postoperative relapse. Promising research areas, including liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, and gene editing, are explored, demonstrating the significant potential for enhancing diagnosis and treatment. While immunotherapy presents promising prospects, it faces challenges related to immune evasion mechanisms. Emerging research directions, encompassing liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and computational intelligence applications, hold promise for refining diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. By integrating insights from genetic, molecular, and clinical research, innovative strategies that improve patient outcomes can be developed. Ongoing research in these emerging fields holds significant promise for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of this formidable malignancy.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer

Mustafa,

Abbas,

Alam

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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“…Surgery is still considered the only curative treatment for localized lung cancer. Thus, the main goal of any treatment in early-stage NSCLC is to increase cure rates [2]. A multidisciplinary approach including thoracic surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists and pathologists, is usually recommended by all the clinical guidelines (for example NCCN: National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical guidelines) in order to find the best treatment option for each patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide [1 ▪ ,2]. Approximately 30% of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are considered resectable at diagnosis, including stages I and II and a selective proportion of stages IIIA and IIIB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated management of stage III in nonsmall cell lung cancer: where do perioperative chemotherapy and immunotherapy fit?

Collazo-Lorduy,

Blanco,

Calvo

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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Purpose of review Early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 30% of the total NSCLC, being the stage III a heterogeneous disease that represents a challenge in the management of these patients. Multidisciplinary approach is essential for an adequate treatment strategy, with surgery being the only curative treatment. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy has been the standard of care for a long period, with modest results. Recent findings Combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy has revolutionized the neoadjuvant setting of resectable NSCLC, improving pathologic complete responses and survival outcomes in this scenario. Furthermore, perioperative treatment with immunotherapy has also recently shown promising results in several phase III trials. Summary The landscape of early-stage resectable NSCLC has evolved in recent years, with an improvement in the survival of these patients since the incorporation of immunotherapy in this scenario.

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“…However, overall, high CD8 + T cell infiltration is a favorable prognostic factor for NSCLC [ 6 – 8 ]. According to several studies, different tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte phenotypes have been discovered to correlate with the tumor’s response to immune checkpoint inhibitors [ 9 , 10 ]. Patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery were found to have higher infiltrating levels of epithelial CD3 + CD4 + T lymphocytes and CD68 + epithelial and stromal tumor-associated macrophages than patients with prior surgery [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic significance of T lymphocyte subgroups (CD4 and CD8) in lung cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Elicora,

Yaprak Bayrak,

Vural

et al. 2024

J Cardiothorac Surg

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Objective The basis for current and future lung cancer immunotherapy depends on our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of interactions between tumor and immune system cells. Interactions that occur between different intratumoral populations of the same cells are important. In our study, we aimed to evaluate relationship between the clinical and prognostic features and T lymphocyte subgroups of patients with lung tumors after neoadjuvant treatment. Methods A total of 72 patients were included in our study, including study group, 39 of whom received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical/radiological/pathological findings of patients and CD4/CD8 staining rates in peritumoral/intratumoral areas were recorded. Results Our study revealed significantly lower intratumoral CD4 + T cell density and lower intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio in primary tumor after neoadjuvant therapy (respectively, 0.012 and 0.016). Considering tumor types, when control-study groups were compared, inflammation was statistically significant only in adenocarcinoma subtype; intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significant only in squamous-cell carcinoma subtype (respectively, p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0139). When CD4 + T lymphocytes and CD8 + T lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio were compared between control and study groups in low-stage patients according to clinical stages, only intratumoral CD4 + T lymphocyte values and intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio were significant (respectively, p = 0.0291 ve p = 0.0154). Conclusion All cell types of innate and adaptive intratumoral immunity can affect lung cancer tissues simultaneously, and these interactions have a very complex structure. Understanding the tumor microenvironment and the different roles of associated cancer immune cells may lead to the discovery of new targets for immunological therapies and increased survival times in lung cancer.

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Progress on neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer and potential biomarkers

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer

Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer

Integrated management of stage III in nonsmall cell lung cancer: where do perioperative chemotherapy and immunotherapy fit?

Prognostic significance of T lymphocyte subgroups (CD4 and CD8) in lung cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

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