Progress on Structured Biosensors for Monitoring Aflatoxin B1 From Biofilms: A Review

Abstract

Aspergillus exists commonly in many crops and any process of crop growth, harvest, storage, and processing can be polluted by this fungus. Once it forms a biofilm, Aspergillus can produce many toxins, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin, zearalenone, fumonisin, and patulin. Among these toxins, AFB1 possesses the highest toxicity and is labeled as a group I carcinogen in humans and animals. Consequently, the proper control of AFB1 produced from biofilms in food and feed has long been recognized. Moreover, many biosensors have been applied to monitor AFB1 in biofilms in food. Additionally, in recent years, novel molecular recognition elements and transducer elements have been introduced for the detection of AFB1. This review presents an outline of recent progress made in the development of biosensors capable of determining AFB1 in biofilms, such as aptasensors, immunosensors, and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) biosensors. In addition, the current feasibility, shortcomings, and future challenges of AFB1 determination and analysis are addressed.

Advances in Gold Nanoparticles-Based Colorimetric Aptasensors for the Detection of Antibiotics: An Overview of the Past Decade

“…Biosensors circumvent the above-mentioned limitations to ensure a fast in situ analysis [ 19 ]. These kinds of detection techniques exhibit high sensitivity, specificity, excellent performance and are easy-to-use or inexpensive [ 20 ]. Biosensors are desirable for rapid or accurate detection of environmental pollutants, materials, biological and chemical stuff [ 21 ].…”

“…Most common BREs include aptamers, enzymes, molecularly imprinted polymers, antibodies, and many more. These BREs are known to have high specificity and selectivity for their specific targets [ 20 ]. The STE is used to detect any interactions between the two affinity-pairing partners and thus converts the biological signals into useful electrical signals [ 18 ].…”

“…The STE is used to detect any interactions between the two affinity-pairing partners and thus converts the biological signals into useful electrical signals [ 18 ]. Finally, detection system monitors these signals for further analysis [ 20 ]. Biosensors can be grouped or classified based on their STEs and BREs [ 18 ].…”

“…Biosensors can be grouped or classified based on their STEs and BREs [ 18 ]. Based on the choice of BREs, biosensors are classified as aptasensors, MIP-based biosensors, and immune-sensors [ 20 ] ( Figure 1 A).…”

An In-Silico Pipeline for Rapid Screening of DNA Aptamers against Mycotoxins: The Case-Study of Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A

“…The first aptamer for mycotoxins was that reported by Neoventures Biotechnology Inc. (Canada) for ochratoxin A (OTA) [ 14 ]; next, three different research groups reported other ssDNA sequences candidates for OTA [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Furthermore, in addition to the first aptamer for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) selected by the same company Neoventures Biotechnology [ 18 ], further aptamer sequences were described for AFB1 by other research groups [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Similarly, in addition to the first aptamer for fumonisin B1 (FB1) selected by McKeague et al [ 25 ], new aptamer sequences were selected and described by other research groups [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”