Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics

Yang, Dongbin; Zhang, Weihong; Zhang, Huanyun; Zhang, Fengqiu; Chen, Lanmei; Ma, Lixia; Larcher, Leon M; Chen, Suxiang; Liu, Nan; Zhao, Qi; Tran, Phuong Ha Lien; Chen, Changying; Veedu, Rakesh N.; Wang, Tao

doi:10.7150/thno.41580

Cited by 650 publications

(587 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…These methods have their own advantages and disadvantages and need to be further improved to promote the research on exosomes and their application. [41][42][43][44][45] Ultracentrifugation: Ultracentrifugation is the most common method to separate different biological components, such as viruses, bacteria, subcellular organelles, and EVs. 43 Ultracentrifugation is currently considered the classical method of exosome isolation and can be divided into density gradient ultracentrifugation and differential ultracentrifugation.…”

Section: Exosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: roles and therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis

Ni¹,

et al. 2020

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Exosomes participate in many physiological and pathological processes by regulating cell-cell communication, which are involved in numerous diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Exosomes are detectable in the human articular cavity and were observed to change with OA progression. Several joint cells, including chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and tenocytes, can produce and secrete exosomes that influence the biological effects of targeted cells. In addition, exosomes from stem cells can protect the OA joint from damage by promoting cartilage repair, inhibiting synovitis, and mediating subchondral bone remodeling. This review summarizes the roles and therapeutic potential of exosomes in OA and discusses the perspectives and challenges related to exosome-based treatment for OA patients in the future.

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Section: Exosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: roles and therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis

Ni¹,

et al. 2020

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“…Accumulating evidence indicated that GLP-2 exerted its benefit on intestinal epithelial cells via its paracrine effect 8 . Exosomes have recently been identified as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication via transferring encapsulated cargoes, such as miRNAs, proteins and bioactive lipids 11 , 22 , 23 . To test the idea that exosomes may be critical for GLP-2 induced proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects in short bowel syndrome, we isolated and purified intestinal exosomes from jejunum of saline treated SBS rats, GLP-2 treated SBS rats and sham-operated rats (called SBS-Exo, GLP2-Exo and Sham-Exo respectively) (Figure 2 A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exosomes with lipid bilayer structures are 30-150 nm vesicles released by most cells, and are rich of functional contents such as miRNA and protein. miRNAs have been implicated as critical components of exosomes and largely decide the effects of exosomes on cellular communication 10 , 11 . Several studies have disclosed that many miRNAs are involved in the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, such as miR-30 12 , miR-33, miR-22, miR-25 and miR-145 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes-mediated Transfer of miR-125a/b in Cell-to-cell Communication: A Novel Mechanism of Genetic Exchange in the Intestinal Microenvironment

Cheng¹,

Wang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2020

Theranostics

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Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), a key factor in intestinal rehabilitation therapy of short bowel syndrome (SBS), may require cell-to-cell communication to exert its biological functions. However, understanding of the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report participation of exosomal miR-125a/b in GLP-2 mediated intestinal epithelial cells-myofibroblasts cross-talk in intestinal microenvironment. Methods: The effects of GLP-2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in SBS rat models were evaluated. Exosomes were extracted from residual jejunum tissue of GLP-2 or vehicle treated SBS rats using ultracentrifugation method, and identified by nanoparticle trafficking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. miRNA sequencing combined with qRT-PCR validation were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNAs, which might be involved in proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, were screened and further verified by miRNA functional experiments. Moreover, the proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptosis effects of GLP-2 on intestinal myofibroblasts, which expressing GLP-2 receptor, and whether GLP-2 could influence the content of miRNAs in the derived exosomes were studied. The downstream pathways were explored by miRNA function recovery experiment, luciferase reporter assay, pull down experiment, knockdown and overexpression of target gene and other experiments based on the bioinformatics prediction of miRNA target gene. Results: GLP-2 significantly promoted intestinal growth, facilitated the proliferation of intestinal crypt epithelial cells and inhibited the apoptosis of intestinal villi epithelial cells in type II SBS rats. GLP-2 significantly down-regulated exosomal miR-125a/b both in residual jejunums derived exosomes and in exosomes secreted by GLP-2R positive cells. Exosomal miR-125a/b was responsible for GLP-2 mediated intestinal epithelial cells proliferation promotion and apoptosis attenuation. miR-125a/b inhibited the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells by suppressing the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1). Conclusions: miR-125a/b shuttled by intestinal myofibroblasts derived exosomes regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. GLP-2 treatment significantly decreases the level of miR-125a/b in the exosomes of intestinal myofibroblasts. miR-125a/b modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells by targeting the 3'UTR region of MCL1. Hence, this study indicates a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells in intestinal microenvironment.

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“…This is the first critical issue that requires to be addressed. Various separation strategies, including ultra-speed centrifugation, ultrafiltration, immunoaffinity capture and charge neutralization-based polymer precipitation, have been reported 140 . However, it is difficult to identify which isolation and purification strategy produce optimum results.…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of exosomes in craniofacial and dental applications

Xing¹,

Han²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Theranostics

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Exosomes, a specific subgroup of extracellular vesicles that are secreted by cells, have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. They participate in a diverse range of physiological and pathological processes. Given the capability of exosomes to carry molecular cargos and transfer bioactive components, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutics have been extensively studied over the past few decades. Herein, we highlight the emerging applications of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in the craniofacial and dental field. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of exosomes in clinical applications.

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Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics

Cited by 650 publications

References 149 publications

Exosomes: roles and therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis

Exosomes: roles and therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis

Exosomes-mediated Transfer of miR-125a/b in Cell-to-cell Communication: A Novel Mechanism of Genetic Exchange in the Intestinal Microenvironment

Emerging role of exosomes in craniofacial and dental applications

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