Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Teriflunomide Inhibits JCPyV Infection and Spread in Glial Cells and Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells

“…The JCPyV-induced disease PML was once an extremely rare event that occurred in the context of lymphoid cancers such as leukemia and Hodgkin’s disease [ 15 , 16 ]. In the early 1980s, PML emerged as a fatal complication of HIV infection and in 2005 it emerged as a fatal complication in patients with autoimmune disease being treated with powerful new immunomodulatory drugs [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. PML has been largely controlled in the HIV/AIDS population by antiretrovirals that keep HIV in check and prevent immunosuppression.…”

Drug-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients

“…7 In the review of larger cases, most PML cases had underlying disease such as B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder or immunodeficiency. [8][9][10][11] In spite of high prevalence of JCV, PML is rather rare condition. This fact implies that there are multiple barriers against the development of this disorder from JCV infection.…”

Natalizumab and progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy

“…9 Although acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was included in the latter category, it accounted for 2.1% with but five recognised cases of PML occurring with the then recently described immunodeficiency disorder. [10][11][12] However, the AIDS pandemic soon changed the demography of PML dramatically, dwarfing all other predisposing conditions. Indeed, before the adoption in 1996 of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of AIDS, approximately 5% of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons ultimately developed PML.…”