Progressive plateau root form dental implant osseointegration: A human retrieval study

Abstract

Although preclinical and sparse human histology retrieval studies have shown that the interface between implant and bone is constantly remodeling, no human retrieval database has been developed to determine the effect of functional loading time and other clinical/implant design variables on osseointegration. The present study tested the hypothesis that bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) increase over functional loading time around dental implants. Due to prosthetic retreatment reasons, 93 human implant retrievals from the same manufacturer (Bicon LLC, Boston, MA, USA) were obtained over a period of approximately 15 years. The retrieved implants were under functional loading from 120 days to ∼18 years and were histomorphologic/metrically evaluated. BIC/BAFO were assessed as a function of multiple independent variables: implant surface type, diameter, length, jaw (maxilla/mandible), region (anterior/posterior), and time of functional loading. The results showed that both BIC and BAFO increased over time independently of implant design/clinical variables, supporting the postulated hypothesis.

Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of a New Implant Macrogeometry. A Sheep Study

“…In conclusion, the present study confirmed the very good results in implants with healing chambers, with a significantly higher percentage of new bone formation and a larger area of a highly cellular and highly vascularized osteogenic matrix within the marrow spaces [30][31][32][33][34]. In this osteogenix matrix, newly formed bone spicules were found [33].…”

Survival rates of ultra‐short (<6 mm) compared with short locking‐taper implants supporting single crowns in posterior areas: A 5‐year retrospective study

“…The promising 5‐year outcomes reported in this study for implant survival and bone levels stability—even in presence of unfavorable high CIR, may be explained also by a series of human retrieval published studies of implants with the same macrodesign, consistently showing that from initial woven bone formation at the healing chambers, further bone morphologic evolution occurs toward a Haversian‐like configuration that over time increases significantly in mechanical properties 63–65 . The presence of a screwless, locking‐taper implant‐abutment connection confers greater mechanical stability to the implant/crown assembly, previously shown to provide an impervious seal to microbial penetration or infiltration, 66 an absence of micromovements, or micro gaps at the IAI, which lead to minimal bone resorption 22,31–33 .…”

Biomaterial and biomechanical considerations to prevent risks in implant therapy

“…Shortly after early integration through woven bone formation, lamellar bone will gradually replace the woven bone, resulting in formation of primary osteonic structures. A series of human retrieval studies of plateau root form implants has consistently demonstrated that further bone morphologic evolution occurs toward a haversian‐like configuration that over time increases significantly in mechanical properties . Figure presents the main histologic features of the healing chamber healing pathway.…”