Progressive Respiratory Muscle Training for Improving Trunk Stability in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscle Training for Pulmonary Function and Walking Ability in Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

“…Of these, 754 were excluded by irrelevancy and 46 were full-text revised. Finally, nineteen studies aimed to assess the effectiveness of RMT on pulmonary function and functional capacity variables in patients with stroke were included in the meta-analysis [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Figure 1 shows the flow of study selection.…”

“…Other pulmonary function parameters such as PEF and the strength of inspiratory and expiratory muscles (MIP and MEP) were analysed in the studies included. Seven studies showed results about PEF and the pooled estimated ES was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.77; I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.823) (Figure 4) [20,23,27,33,34,36,37], nevertheless, the subgroup analysis displayed a statistically significant ES in the IMT/EMT group (ES = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.92) but not in the IMT group (ES = 0.40; 95% CI: −0.04 to 0.84).…”

“…Equally, MEP was analysed in seven studies [19][20][21]28,30,31,37], and only one of these performed exclusively IMT exercises [37]; thus, the overall ES was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.98; I 2 = 71.9%, p = 0.002) ( Figure 5). The MIP was examined in nine studies [19][20][21][22]28,30,31,35,37], and obtained a pooled ES= 0.84 (95% CI: 0.44 to 1.24; I 2 = 69.2%, p = 0.001) ( Figure 6); three of these studies performed only IMT exercises [22,35,37], and six studies carried out both IMT and EMT exercises, showing statistically significant improvements for both groups of interventions. Sensitivity analyses for all pulmonary function variables showed that the pooled ES estimates were not significantly modified in magnitude or direction when individual study data were removed from the analysis one at a time.…”

Study Regarding the Imaging and Functional Evaluation in the Rehabilitation of Balance in Patients with Ischaemic Stroke

“…506,08 mm/s (standard deviation ± 296.2; n=37) face to the right, 517.76 mm/s (standard deviation ± 270.9; n=37) face to the left, 555.47 mm/s (standard deviation ± 345.7; n=37) head tilted to the right, 589. 27 [16].…”

“…Over 80% of the patients who suffer a first stroke have stability deficits associated with a low recovery of selfserving capacity and with high risk of falling [16].…”