Proinflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Pulp Fibroblasts Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Methyl Mercaptan

Abstract

Pulpal disease is intimately associated with the immune system's response to bacteria products. Clinical pathology is mediated in part by the production of pyrogenic cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-6. Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), a volatile sulfur compound produced by anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, has been shown to contribute to the production of IL-1 by human mononuclear cells. In this report, we investigated the production of IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by human pulp fibroblasts when stimulated for various periods of time with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without the presence of CH3SH. We found that LPS and CH3SH had no effect on the production of IL-1 or TNF-alpha. However, LPS stimulated IL-6 production, and this production was augmented when CH3SH was present. We conclude that the volatile sulfur compound CH3SH plays a role in activation and modulation of the immune response through its role in production of IL-6.

Retracted: Pro‐inflammatory cytokines induce odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp‐derived stem cells

“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1, have also been found to be highly expressed in inflamed pulp tissues [Stashenko et al, 1998;Coil et al, 2004]. In experimentally induced rat pulpitis, large amounts of IL-1 and TNF-a have been identified in dental pulp fibroblasts [Tani-Ishii et al, 1995].…”

Development of an Ex Vivo Coculture System to Model Pulpal Infection by Streptococcus anginosus Group Bacteria

“…As previous in vivo studies have shown that this is a response of infected pulpal fibroblasts, this confirms that the tooth slice is responding in a way which is representative of the in vivo situation (Bletsa et al 2006;Coil et al 2004;Kokkas et al 2007;McLachlan et al 2004). The model may therefore be useful for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials that have immunomodulatory properties such as some AMPs and triclosan, as it has already been acknowledged that an antimicrobial with anti-inflammatory properties would be of use in promoting the natural repair processes of the tooth.…”

The effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) from the human dental pulp, gingival, and periodontal ligament cells

“…5,6 Most of the MMPs characterized proved to be more abundant in the odontoblasts, MMP-1, -2, -9, -10, -11, -13, -14, -15, -16, -17, -19, -20, and -23 were expressed by mature human odontoblasts and pulp tissue. 6,19 On the contrary, MMP-1, -7, -12, TIMP-1, and -2 were expressed in all of cells (PF, GF, and PDLF) studied in this experiment without any stimulation.…”