2005
DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-135
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Proinflammatory cytokine responses induced by influenza A (H5N1) viruses in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells

Abstract: Background: Fatal human respiratory disease associated with influenza A subtype H5N1 has been documented in Hong Kong, and more recently in Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia. We previously demonstrated that patients with H5N1 disease had unusually high serum levels of IP-10 (interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10). Furthermore, when compared with human influenza virus subtype H1N1, the H5N1 viruses in 1997 (A/Hong Kong/483/97) (H5N1/97) were more potent inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumor necrosis f… Show more

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Cited by 456 publications
(416 citation statements)
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“…Increased viral replication competence, capacity for dissemination beyond the respiratory tract, and unusual tissue tropism have all been proposed to be relevant to pathogenesis (1). In addition to these mechanisms, there is in vitro and in vivo evidence that cytokine dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease (2)(3)(4)(5).…”
Section: Induction Of Proinflammatory Cytokines In Primary Humanmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Increased viral replication competence, capacity for dissemination beyond the respiratory tract, and unusual tissue tropism have all been proposed to be relevant to pathogenesis (1). In addition to these mechanisms, there is in vitro and in vivo evidence that cytokine dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease (2)(3)(4)(5).…”
Section: Induction Of Proinflammatory Cytokines In Primary Humanmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Humans and mice infected with H5N1 viruses have markedly elevated numbers of macrophages in the lung (4,8). When compared with human influenza virus (e.g., H1N1)-infected macrophages in vitro, H5N1 virus-infected human primary macrophages produce higher levels of cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-␣, IFN-␤, IL-6, IL-1␤, CXCL10/IFN-␥-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), 3 CCL5/RANTES, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1␣, and CCL4/MIP-1␤ (2,8,9). Similarly, H5N1 viruses hyperinduce chemokines such as IP-10 and MCP-1 from primary respiratory epithelial cells in vitro (3).…”
Section: Induction Of Proinflammatory Cytokines In Primary Humanmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The underlying mechanisms of influenzarelated acute lung injury remain unclear, and effective therapies are lacking. Viruses that are highly pathogenic to humans (e.g., H5N1 viruses) may differ intrinsically from the less pathogenic (LP) (e.g., seasonal H1N1) viruses in their replication competence, cell tropism, and/or cytokine dysregulation (1,2). Early treatment of H5N1 disease with the antiinfluenza drug oseltamivir is helpful but does not ensure a favorable outcome (3).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Direct contact with pathogenic materials such as excreta or secretion of poultry seems to cause infection of H5N1 to human. H5N1 has been reported to cause human respiratory problems, fever, pneumonia, and relatively severe cytokine releases [9].…”
Section: H5n1mentioning
confidence: 99%