Projections of Brodmann Area 6 to the Pyramidal Tract in Humans: Quantifications Using High Angular Resolution Data

Wang, Zhenming; Shan, Yi; Zhang, Miao; Wei, Penghu; Li, Qiongge; Yin, Yanling; Lu, Jie

doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00062

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The diversity of functions involving BA6, probably the largest Brodmann's area, is not surprising. The BA6 area, including the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area, affects the realization of motor function through the regulation of the primary motor cortex and is also involved in language, memory, attention, and executive functions ( 27 , 28 ). Both animal experiments and clinical trials suggest that activation of the BA6 region contributes to functional reorganization after stroke ( 29 , 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalp acupuncture regulates functional connectivity of cerebral hemispheres in patients with hemiplegia after stroke

Lin

Gao

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundStroke is a common cause of acquired disability on a global scale. Patients with motor dysfunction after a stroke have a reduced quality of life and suffer from an economic burden. Scalp acupuncture has been proven to be an effective treatment for motor recovery after a stroke. However, the neural mechanism of scalp acupuncture for motor function recovery remains to be researched. This study aimed to investigate functional connectivity (FC) changes in region of interest (ROI) and other brain regions to interpret the neural mechanism of scalp acupuncture.MethodsTwenty-one patients were included and randomly divided into patient control (PCs) and scalp acupuncture (SAs) groups with left hemiplegia due to ischemic stroke, and we also selected 20 matched healthy controls (HCs). The PCs were treated with conventional Western medicine, while the SAs were treated with scalp acupuncture (acupuncture at the right anterior oblique line of vertex temporal). All subjects received whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan before treatment, and the patients received a second scan after 14 days of treatment. We use the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and the analyses of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) as the observational indicators.ResultsThe contralateral and ipsilateral cortex of hemiplegic patients with cerebral infarction were associated with an abnormal increase and decrease in basal internode function. An abnormal increase in functional connectivity mainly exists in the ipsilateral hemisphere between the cortex and basal ganglia and reduces the abnormal functional connectivity in the cortex and contralateral basal ganglia. Increased RSFC was observed in the bilateral BA6 area and bilateral basal ganglia and the connectivity between bilateral basal ganglia nuclei improved. However, the RSFC of the conventional treatment group only improved in the unilateral basal ganglia and contralateral BA6 area. The RSFC in the left middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, and other healthy brain regions were enhanced in SAs after treatment.ConclusionThe changes in functional connectivity between the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in patients with cerebral infarction showed a weakening of the bilateral hemispheres and the enhancement of the connections between the hemispheres. Scalp acupuncture has the function of bidirectional regulation, which makes the unbalanced abnormal brain function state restore balance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalp acupuncture regulates functional connectivity of cerebral hemispheres in patients with hemiplegia after stroke

Lin

Gao

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Areas 23 and 31 are further part of the anterior cingulum (ACC), which corresponds to attention. Area 24 is anatomically included in the posterior cingulum (PCC), which is associated with the regulation and directing of attention [29,31,32,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Intracerebral Activity during Reflex Locomotion Stimulation According to Vojta’s Principle

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vojta’s therapy is a widely used approach in both the prevention and therapy of musculoskeletal disorders. Changes in the musculoskeletal system have been described repeatedly, but the principles of the approach have not yet been clarified. The objective of our study was to evaluate changes of intracerebral activity using electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) that arise during reflex locomotion stimulation of the breast trigger zone according to Vojta’s therapy. Seventeen healthy women took part in the experiment (aged 20–30 years old). EEG activity was recorded 5 min prior to the reflex locomotion stimulation, during stimulation, and 5 min after the stimulation. The obtained data were subsequently processed in the sLORETA program and statistically evaluated at the significance level p ≤ 0.05. The analysis found statistically significant differences in the frequency bands alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 between the condition prior to stimulation and the actual stimulation in BAs 6, 7, 23, 24, and 31 and between the resting condition prior to stimulation, and the condition after the stimulation was terminated in the frequency bands alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 in BAs 3, 4, 6, and 24. The results showed that reflex locomotion stimulation according to Vojta’s therapy modulates electrical activity in the brain areas responsible for movement planning and regulating and performing the movement.

show abstract

“…Specifically, dysphagia was frequently associated with bilateral damage to the pyramidal tracts, internal capsule, or corona radiata. The pyramidal tract originates in the bilateral supplementary motor area and dorsal premotor area (Wang et al, 2019 ) and ends at the brainstem (corticobulbar tract) or spinal cord (corticospinal tract) (Lohia and McKenzie, 2020b ), and was the most clearly implicated projection tract. This is unsurprising since the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been repeatedly implicated in volitional swallowing, particularly in the preparatory phase (Huckabee et al, 2003 ; Satow et al, 2004 ; Hamdy, 2006 ; Malandraki et al, 2009 ), and communication between the SMA and subcortical areas (e.g., the basal ganglia and brainstem) is needed for swallow initiation (Hamdy et al, 1996 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of White Matter in the Neural Control of Swallowing: A Systematic Review

Alvar

Arkenberg

McGowan

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Swallowing disorders (dysphagia) can negatively impact quality of life and health. For clinicians and researchers seeking to improve outcomes for patients with dysphagia, understanding the neural control of swallowing is critical. The role of gray matter in swallowing control has been extensively documented, but knowledge is limited regarding the contributions of white matter. Our aim was to identify, evaluate, and summarize the populations, methods, and results of published articles describing the role of white matter in neural control of swallowing.Methods: We completed a systematic review with a multi-engine search following PRISMA-P 2015 standards. Two authors screened articles and completed blind full-text review and quality assessments using an adapted U.S. National Institute of Health's Quality Assessment. The senior author resolved any disagreements. Qualitative synthesis of evidence was completed.Results: The search yielded 105 non-duplicate articles, twenty-two of which met inclusion criteria. Twenty were rated as Good (5/22; 23%) or Fair (15/22; 68%) quality. Stroke was the most represented diagnosis (n = 20; 91%). All studies were observational, and half were retrospective cohort design. The majority of studies (13/22; 59%) quantified white matter damage with lesion-based methods, whereas 7/22 (32%) described intrinsic characteristics of white matter using methods like fractional anisotropy. Fifteen studies (68%) used instrumental methods for swallowing evaluations. White matter areas commonly implicated in swallowing control included the pyramidal tract, internal capsule, corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, external capsule, and corpus callosum. Additional noteworthy themes included: severity of white matter damage is related to dysphagia severity; bilateral white matter lesions appear particularly disruptive to swallowing; and white matter adaptation can facilitate dysphagia recovery. Gaps in the literature included limited sample size and populations, lack of in-depth evaluations, and issues with research design.Conclusion: Although traditionally understudied, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that white matter is critical in the neural control of swallowing. The reviewed studies indicated that white matter damage can be directly tied to swallowing deficits, and several white matter structures were implicated across studies. Further well-designed interdisciplinary research is needed to understand white matter's role in neural control of normal swallowing and in dysphagia recovery and rehabilitation.

show abstract

Projections of Brodmann Area 6 to the Pyramidal Tract in Humans: Quantifications Using High Angular Resolution Data

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Scalp acupuncture regulates functional connectivity of cerebral hemispheres in patients with hemiplegia after stroke

Scalp acupuncture regulates functional connectivity of cerebral hemispheres in patients with hemiplegia after stroke

Analysis of Intracerebral Activity during Reflex Locomotion Stimulation According to Vojta’s Principle

The Role of White Matter in the Neural Control of Swallowing: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About