Prolactin release, oestrogens and proliferation of prolactin-secreting cells in the anterior pituitary gland of adult male rats

Perez, Rogelio; Machiavelli, Gloria A.; Romano, M. I.; Burdman, J. A.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.1080399

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…It is well known that blockade of the D2 dopamine receptors on lactotropes by typical antipsychotics induces proliferation of these cells in animals and increased prolactin levels in humans (Halbreich and Kahn, 2003;Perez et al, 1986;Saiardi et al, 1997). We now find that this phenomenon has a macroscopic brain correlate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This work supports the hypothesis that these patients have activation of the HPA axis. However, the interpretation of these findings is complicated by the fact that all patients were receiving antipsychotic medication at the time of scanning, and antipsychotics increase prolactin levels in humans and induce proliferation of prolactin-secreting cells in animals (Halbreich and Kahn, 2003;Perez et al, 1986;Saiardi et al, 1997). Furthermore, the small sample size did not allow us to evaluate any possible differences associated with specific diagnoses within psychoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Pituitary Volume in Antipsychotic-Free and Antipsychotic-Treated Patients of the Æsop First-Onset Psychosis Study

Pariante

Dazzan

Danese

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

143

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Subjects at their first psychotic episode show an enlarged volume of the pituitary gland, but whether this is due to hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, or to stimulation of the prolactin-secreting cells by antipsychotic treatment, is unclear. We measured pituitary volume, using 1.5-mm, coronal, 1.5 T, high-resolution MRI images, in 78 patients at the first psychotic episode and 78 age-and gender-matched healthy controls. In all, 18 patients were antipsychotic-free (12 of these were antipsychotic-naïve), 26 were receiving atypical antipsychotics, and 33 were receiving typical antipsychotics. As hypothesized, patients had a larger pituitary volume than controls ( þ 22%, po0.001). When divided by antipsychotic treatment, and compared to controls, the pituitary volume was 15% larger in antipsychotic-free patients (p ¼ 0.028), 17% larger in patients receiving atypicals (p ¼ 0.01), and 30% larger in patients receiving typicals (po0.001). Patients receiving typicals not only had the largest pituitary volume compared to controls but also showed a trend for a larger pituitary volume compared to the other patients grouped together ( þ 11%, p ¼ 0.08). When divided by diagnosis, and compared to controls, the pituitary volume was 24% larger in patients with schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder (n ¼ 40, po0.001), 19% larger in depressed patients (n ¼ 13, p ¼ 0.022), 16% larger in bipolar patients (n ¼ 16, p ¼ 0.037), and 12% larger in those with other psychoses (n ¼ 9, p ¼ 0.2). In conclusion, the first-episode of a psychotic disorder is associated with a larger pituitary independently of the presence of antipsychotic treatment, and this could be due to activation of the HPA axis. Typical antipsychotics exert an additional enlarging effect on pituitary volume, likely to be related to activation of prolactin-secreting cells. This activation of the hormonal stress response could participate to the important metabolic abnormalities observed in patients with psychosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Pituitary Volume in Antipsychotic-Free and Antipsychotic-Treated Patients of the Æsop First-Onset Psychosis Study

Pariante

Dazzan

Danese

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The percentage of lactotrophs found in the control group was within the range previously reported for adult male Wistar rats, i.e., 10.5% (26), 15% (27), 21.7% (28), and 26% (29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Male gonadal function, prolactin secretion and lactotroph population in an experimental model of cirrhosis

Gonzáles

Rhoden

Luz

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Liver cirrhosis, a highly prevalent chronic disease, is frequently associated with endocrine dysfunctions, notably in the gonadal axis. We evaluated lactotroph population by immunohistochemistry, gonadotropins and prolactin by immunoradiometric assay and testosterone and estradiol by radioimmunoassay in adult male Wistar rats with cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. No significant difference in mean ± SEM percentages of lactotrophs was found between cirrhotic animals and controls (N = 12, mean 18.95 ± 1.29%). Although there was no significant difference between groups in mean serum levels of prolactin (control: 19.2 ± 4 ng/mL), luteinizing hormone (control: 1.58 ± 0.43 ng/mL), follicle-stimulating hormone (control: 19.11 ± 2.28 ng/mL), estradiol (control: 14.65 ± 3.22 pg/mL), and total testosterone (control: 138.41 ± 20.07 ng/dL), 5 of the cirrhotic animals presented a hormonal profile consistent with hypogonadism, all of them pointing to a central origin of this dysfunction. Four of these animals presented high levels of estradiol and/or prolactin, with a significant correlation between these two hormones in both groups (r = 0.54; P = 0.013). It was possible to detect the presence of central hypogonadism in this model of cirrhotic animals. The hyperestrogenemia and hyperprolactinemia found in some hypogonadal animals suggest a role in the genesis of hypogonadism, and in the present study they were not associated with lactotroph hyperplasia.

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“…The mean paw circumference and percentage inhibition of oedema was calculated, using the formula for calculating inhibition (%) described by Perez et al [20] . Inhibition (%) = Mean no.…”

Section: Test For Mangifera Indica's Anti-inflammatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive compounds in Magnifera indica demonstrates dose-dependent anti- inflammatory effects

Oluwole

2015

Inflamm Cell Signal

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Magnifera indica (MI) is one of the notable medicinal plants use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in folkloric medicine. Recent studies by present author demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of Mangifera indicato have dose-dependent effects, pointing out its dose-dependent effects to be relevant in therapeutics investigations. However, as far as we know, Mangifera indica has one or no translational drugs and products already established in clinical trials or in pharmaceutical practice. This is rather a concern to drug discovery and optimization of research findings, particularly in case of Magnifera indica plant which has various medicinal efficaciesalready ascribed to its properties. It has been investigated that, Mangiferin a very potent bioactive compound found inside extracts of Magniferaindica, is a polyphenolic and a glucosylxanthone which has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, various effects such as anti-bacterial, antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal, antiallergic, immunomodulation, anti-microbial, gastroprotective have been ascribed to the medicinal use of this plant. However, some other potent natural phytochemicals found in Mangiferaindica which include saponin, tannins, steroids, flavoniod, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar and anthraquinone, have been discovered to be useful in herbal medicine and cosmetics productions. Thus, this paper focus on the need to encourage translational studies in order to improvelead optimization as well asthe need to adequately promote further research that may formulate bioactive compounds in Magnifera indica for the purpose of treating inflammatory diseases and stress related disorders. Also, this paper emphasized on the necessity in conducting more clinical trials using Mangifera indica bioactive compounds for variety of conditions in human volunteers.

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Prolactin release, oestrogens and proliferation of prolactin-secreting cells in the anterior pituitary gland of adult male rats

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Increased Pituitary Volume in Antipsychotic-Free and Antipsychotic-Treated Patients of the Æsop First-Onset Psychosis Study

Increased Pituitary Volume in Antipsychotic-Free and Antipsychotic-Treated Patients of the Æsop First-Onset Psychosis Study

Male gonadal function, prolactin secretion and lactotroph population in an experimental model of cirrhosis

Bioactive compounds in Magnifera indica demonstrates dose-dependent anti- inflammatory effects

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