Proliferative Response to Varicella-zoster Virus is Inversely Related to Development of High Levels of Varicella-zoster Virus Specific IgG Antibodies

Terada, Kihei; Kawano, Shoji; Yoshihiro, Kiyomi; Morita, Tetsuro

doi:10.3109/00365549309008578

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Terada et al (quality: medium, relevance: C) noted that pediatricians had a higher VZV-specific responder cell frequency compared to non-matched healthy adults thereby suggesting a cellular effect of boosting [53]. In a later study, Terada et al (quality: low, relevance: D) also showed that health care workers frequently exposed to VZV had increased serum IgA levels [54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Zoster Risk Reduction through Exposure to Chickenpox Patients: A Systematic Multidisciplinary Review

2013

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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and may subsequently reactivate to cause herpes zoster later in life. The exogenous boosting hypothesis states that re-exposure to circulating VZV can inhibit VZV reactivation and consequently also herpes zoster in VZV-immune individuals. Using this hypothesis, mathematical models predicted widespread chickenpox vaccination to increase herpes zoster incidence over more than 30 years. Some countries have postponed universal chickenpox vaccination, at least partially based on this prediction. After a systematic search and selection procedure, we analyzed different types of exogenous boosting studies. We graded 13 observational studies on herpes zoster incidence after widespread chickenpox vaccination, 4 longitudinal studies on VZV immunity after re-exposure, 9 epidemiological risk factor studies, 7 mathematical modeling studies as well as 7 other studies. We conclude that exogenous boosting exists, although not for all persons, nor in all situations. Its magnitude is yet to be determined adequately in any study field.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Zoster Risk Reduction through Exposure to Chickenpox Patients: A Systematic Multidisciplinary Review

2013

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“…zoster. For the analysis of the incidence of zoster, 1 child was not included because her varicella occurred at 5 months of age, which is known to increase the incidence of zoster [7,8]. The child with a low CD4 / cell count and poor growth (who was Discussion judged to have AIDS) when she developed varicella was included in the analysis of zoster but not in the analysis of the We could find no obvious evidence that acute varicella worsened the course of HIV infection in children with regard spectrum of varicella in HIV infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, in the preantiviral drug era, ú30% of untreated leukemic children develvaricella occurs influences the rate of virus reactivation, as reported for children whose varicella occurred either in utero oped pneumonia or other aspects of disseminated infection. In one study of leukemic children, even after varicella-zoster or during the first year of life [8]. It is possible that as the levels of CD4 / cells in our patients fall with time, the rate of immune globulin prophylaxis, 5 (11%) of 45 developed pneumonia [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella‐Zoster Virus Infection in Children with Underlying Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

et al. 1997

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This article describes a prospective longitudinal study of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children, designed to determine their natural history of VZV infection and possible effects of VZV on the progression of HIV infection. Varicella was usually not a serious acute problem, and it did not seem to precede clinical deterioration. The rate of zoster was high: 70% in children with low levels of CD4+ lymphocytes at the time of development of varicella. It is predicted that immunization with live attenuated varicella vaccine is unlikely to be deleterious to HIV-infected children. Moreover, if they are immunized when they still have relatively normal levels of CD4+ lymphocytes, they may have a lower rate of reactivation of VZV than if they were allowed to develop natural varicella when their CD4+ cell counts have fallen to low levels as a result of progressive HIV infection.

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“…We note that our antigens consisted of overlapping 15-mer peptide mixes designed to stimulate both CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T-cell responses, particularly when used on thawed PBMC (61). In contrast, many studies in the past, and importantly, the Zostavax vaccine immunogenicity studies, used VZV cell lysate as a stimulus (11,16,38,53,(62)(63)(64)(65). Thus, any change in the CD8 ϩ component against VZV might have been missed.…”

Section: Fig 3 Comparing Ifn-␥-producing T-cell Percentages (Of Cd3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Frequent Infectious Exposures on General and Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific Immune Responses in Pediatricians

Ogunjimi

Smits

Heynderickx

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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jReexposure to viruses is assumed to strengthen humoral and cellular immunity via the secondary immune response. We studied the effects of frequent exposure to viral infectious challenges on immunity. Furthermore, we assessed whether repetitive exposures to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) elicited persistently high immune responses. Blood samples from 11 pediatricians and matched controls were assessed at 3 time points and 1 time point, respectively. Besides the assessment of general immunity by means of measuring T-cell subset percentages, antibody titers and gamma interferon (IFN-␥)/interleukin 2 (IL-2)-producing T-cell percentages against adenovirus type 5 (AdV-5), cytomegalovirus (CMV), tetanus toxin (TT), and VZV were determined. Pediatricians had lower levels of circulating CD4؉ -naive T cells and showed boosting of CD8 ؉ effector memory T cells. Although no effect on humoral immunity was seen, repetitive exposures to VZV induced persistently higher percentages of IFN-␥-positive T cells against all VZV antigens tested (VZV glycoprotein E [gE], VZV intermediate-early protein 62 [IE62], and VZV IE63) than in controls. T cells directed against latency-associated VZV IE63 benefitted the most from natural exogenous boosting. Although no differences in cellular or humoral immunity were found between the pediatricians and controls for AdV-5 or TT, we did find larger immune responses against CMV antigens in pediatricians. Despite the high infectious burden, we detected a robust and diverse immune system in pediatricians. Repetitive exposures to VZV have been shown to induce a stable increased level of VZVspecific cellular but not humoral immunity. Based on our observations, VZV IE63 can be considered a candidate for a zoster vaccine.

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Proliferative Response to Varicella-zoster Virus is Inversely Related to Development of High Levels of Varicella-zoster Virus Specific IgG Antibodies

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Herpes Zoster Risk Reduction through Exposure to Chickenpox Patients: A Systematic Multidisciplinary Review

Herpes Zoster Risk Reduction through Exposure to Chickenpox Patients: A Systematic Multidisciplinary Review

Varicella‐Zoster Virus Infection in Children with Underlying Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Influence of Frequent Infectious Exposures on General and Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific Immune Responses in Pediatricians

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