Proline synthesis in barley under iron deficiency and salinity

The Effect of Ionic Liquids With (–)-Menthol Derivative Containing a Chloride Anion to Weed

“…A slight increase in the content of assimilation pigments in white goosefoot in relation to the controls when using the lowest concentration of the compound (100 mg · kg -1 of soil d.w.) can be associated with an increase in the content of carotenoids in these plants, which evidences about increased defense of the plants against stress. Carotenoids are one of the basic elements of the PSI and PSII protection systems against the harmful effect of reactive oxygen species [35][36][37].…”

Oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish exposed to quaternary ammonium salts with hexafluorophosphate anion

“…Spring barley ranks the fourth cereal in the world, both in terms of production and cultivation area, having a great significance on the economy and human nutrition. Common radish is in turn a very popular vegetable, supplementing the human diet ranging from macro-to microelements as well as vitamins (Schubert and Jahren, 2011;Dragišić Maksimović et al, 2013;Arias-Baldrich et al, 2015).…”

“…al., 2014;Arias-Baldrich et al, 2015). The changes observed in chlorophylls and carotenoids level as one of the oxidative stress symptoms are increasingly examined also by studies that determine the phytotoxicity of QAS, including ionic liquids (Wang et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2013;Cvjetko Bubalo et al, 2014a;Liu et al, 2014;Liu T. et al, 2015;Biczak, 2016).…”

“…al., 2014;Arias-Baldrich et al, 2015). A decrease in this ratio is irrefutable evidence that determine oxidative stress in plants, which concurrently enhances the defensive mechanism in plants by increasing carotenoid contents, as these pigments are effective ROS scavengers Jbir-Koubaa et al, 2015).…”

Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Fluorine Atoms on Selected Weed Species

“…It has been reported that chemicals in the soil have caused oxidative stress in plants, and that overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage, inter alia, membranes of chloroplasts (Sun et al 2007; Gengmao et al 2015; Arias-Baldrich et al 2015). This causes disorders in chlorophyll synthesis (mainly chlorophyll a ) and premature plant aging.…”