Prolonged anesthesia using sevoflurane, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine in a horse

Cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions with either propofol infusion or isoflurane for anesthesia in horses

“…Alpha 2 ‐adrenergic agonist drugs have also been used in combination with infusions of other injectable drugs to provide good quality anesthetic conditions for surgery (Valverde et al. ; Benmansour & Duke‐Novakovski ).…”

Is there a place for dexmedetomidine in equine anaesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review (2005–2017)

“…The clinical applicability of these protocols was confirmed under different circumstances, for medium term (Gozalo‐Marcilla, Steblaj et al, ; Marcilla et al., ; Sacks et al., ) and prolonged anaesthesias (Benmansour & Duke‐Novakovski, ). Its use in the last case is justified by the favourable kinetics.…”

“…In another clinical, blinded, randomized study involving 20 adults, healthy, client-owned horses, the same protocol, 3.5 μg/ kg sedation dose followed by a CRI at 1.75 μg kg −1 hr −1 , seemed to be more adequate than a morphine-based technique (0.15 mg/kg added to the dexmedetomidine sedation dose, followed by a mor- A 1.5 μg kg −1 hr −1 CRI, without loading dose and after sedation with xylazine and anaesthetic maintenance with sevoflurane and remifentanil, was successfully used in a 10-year-old horse for a radical mandibulectomy which lasted for 13 hr (Benmansour & Duke-Novakovski, 2013). In a 60-min experimental, nonblinded, randomized, cross-over, study involving six adults, healthy, isoflurane-anaesthetized horses, no significant differences in cardiopulmonary effects and recovery qualities were detected between a dexmedetomidine CRI alone (loading dose 0.25 μg/kg followed by a CRI of 1 μg kg −1 hr −1 ) and combined with morphine (0.15 mg/kg plus a 0.1 mg kg −1 hr −1 infusion) or remifentanil, CRI at 6 μg kg −1 hr −1 (Benmansour et al, 2014).…”

“…After a CRI of dexmedetomidine during isoflurane anaesthesia, followed by a small bolus for recovery, the recoveries were better than after infusions of saline (Marcilla et al, 2012), medetomidine (Sacks et al, 2017) and morphine (Gozalo- Marcilla, Steblaj et al, 2013). After a dexmedetomidine infusion, small doses of romifidine have been administered by other authors (Benmansour & Duke-Novakovski, 2013;Duke-Novakovski et al, 2015), probably due to personal preferences. Small doses of xylazine, detomidine and romifidine are well known to improve the quality of recovery in horses after inhalant anaesthesia (Santos et al, 2003), with no differences between xylazine and dexmedetomidine (Guedes et al, 2017).…”

Cardiopulmonary Effects and Recovery Quality of Remifentanil–Isoflurane Anesthesia in Horses

“…For 13 hours, anesthesia was maintained using sevoflurane, dexmedetomidine, and remifentanil infusions, with the exception of surgical preparation time [24]. This report demonstrated that remifentanil is suitable for a long and invasive procedure.…”