Promalin promotes lateral shoot development of young cherry trees

Veinbrants, N; Miller, Paul R.

doi:10.1071/ea9810618

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Results from other studies indicate that cytokinin-GA products are effective for inducing sweet cherry buds to grow into shoots (Elfving and Visser, 2006;Jacyna and Puchała, 2004;Miller, 1983;Veinbrants and Miller, 1981). Results of the trials reported here…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Proprietary mixtures containing the cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (BA) and gibberellic acid isomers GA 4+7 [Promalin (PR) or Perlan (PER)] can induce sylleptic shoot formation on the current season's shoots when applied during active shoot growth in both apple and cherry (Cody et al, 1985a,b;Visser, 2005, 2006;Hrotkó et al, 1999;Jacyna, 2002;Neri et al, 2003;Wustenberghs and Keulemans, 1999), but few reports document the efficacy of such products for inducing shoot development from preexisting buds on 1-year-old or older wood in sweet cherry. Miller (1983) and Veinbrants and Miller (1981) reported that painting PR onto the entire surface of 1-year-old shoots of young sweet cherry trees produced some stimulation of branch development from lateral buds. Jacyna and Puchała (2004) and Jacyna et al (1989) reported improvement in branch development and in shoot distribution when BA combined with GA 3 or GA 4+7 was painted on the lower two-thirds of 'Regina' sweet cherry branches or the central 30 cm of 'Bing' 1-year-old branches.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Improving the Efficacy of Cytokinin Applications for Stimulation of Lateral Branch Development in Young Sweet Cherry Trees in the Orchard

Elfving¹,

Visser²

2007

horts

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Improving lateral branch development in young sweet cherry trees without reliance on pruning is a desirable component of tree training programs, especially for high-density systems. Applications of two proprietary formulations of 6-benzyladenine and gibberellins A4 and A7 (Promalin, Valent Biosciences, Walnut Creek, Calif.; and Perlan, Fine Americas, Walnut Creek, Calif.) to individual buds or intact bark of unpruned sweet cherry central leader shoots at green-tip had little effect on lateral shoot growth from buds or on distribution of new shoot growth along the treated leader shoots. Scoring, nicking, or notching cuts alone also had inconsistent effects on shoot development and distribution. In some trials, bud removal (or disbudding, removing every fourth bud on 1-year-old shoots) produced limited improvement of lateral shoot development and vertical distribution. Combining nicking, notching, scoring, or bark scraping with the application of cytokinin–gibberellic acid solution to the cut area greatly improved both number of shoots developed and the numbers originating from the lower portions of treated leader shoots. Removing the physical barrier to bioregulator product contact with active tissues was a primary factor in improving treatment efficacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Efficacy of Cytokinin Applications for Stimulation of Lateral Branch Development in Young Sweet Cherry Trees in the Orchard

Elfving¹,

Visser²

2007

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“…Sweet cherry trees exhibit strong apical dominance, naturally producing a vigorous, upright growth habit with limited lateral branching in young trees (Miller, 1983;Veinbrants and Miller, 1981). Heavy pruning is often employed to induce lateral branch development, but this practice stimulates vigor and delays economic returns.…”

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Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Branching in Sweet Cherry Trees

Elfving

Visser²

2006

HortSci

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A new bioregulator, cyclanilide (CYC, Bayer Environmental Science, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709), was compared with a proprietary formulation of 6-benzyladenine and gibberellins A4 and A7 [Promalin (PR), Valent BioSciences, Walnut Creek, Calif.] for branching effects on sweet cherry trees. CYC stimulated the formation of lateral shoots on current-season's shoot growth under both orchard and nursery conditions. In the nursery CYC was as effective or better for feathering compared to PR in all cherry cultivars tested. There were no synergistic effects of CYC/PR tank mixes on feather development. Crotch angles of induced feathers were not different from the angles of feathers that formed spontaneously. The growth of CYC-induced feathers was sufficient to produce acceptable quality feathered trees. Trunk caliper of nursery trees was either not affected or reduced to a very minimal degree. CYC is effective for lateral branch induction in sweet cherry, especially in the nursery. Chemical names used: 1-(2,4-dichlorophenylaminocarbonyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (cyclanilide); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine + gibberellins A4 and A7 (Promalin); polyoxyethylenepolypropoxypropanol, dihydroxypropane, 2-butoxyethanol (Regulaid).

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“…Promalin Ò has been used for breaking seed dormancy (Socolowski and Cicero, 2011) and promoting plant growth (Emongor et al, 2004;Goenaga, 2010;Rossi et al, 2004). Furthermore, this product has been reported to promote shoot growth in cherry trees through an increase in cell division and expansion (Veinbrants and Miller, 1981).…”

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Growth, Plant Quality, and Survival of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Seedlings are Enhanced by CO2 Enrichment

Pérez‐Jiménez

Bayo-Canha

López‐Ortega

et al. 2017

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Enrichment with CO2 and a commercial mix of plant growth regulators were tested to improve the plant quality and survival of pregerminated cherry tree seedlings. Pregerminated seeds were transferred from a cold chamber to a climatic chamber where the CO2 was set at 800 µmol·mol−1 CO2 or at the ambient CO2 concentration. Also, half of the plants were sprayed with the mix of plant growth regulators and disposed randomly. The experiment lasted 18 days and physiological measurements, such as plant physiological status and growth, number of leaves, net CO2 assimilation (ACO2), internal CO2, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, were taken every 4 days. Also, at the end of the experiment, other parameters—such as total leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, and starch—were recorded or quantified. During the experiment, plants cultured under CO2 enrichment exhibited a rapid increase in their photosynthetic rates, height, and leaf number; the commercial mix also increased plant height but inhibited leaf expansion and growth. At the end of the experiment, the amounts of starch and soluble sugars had increased in the plants grown under elevated CO2, compared with those plants grown in control conditions or with the commercial mix. Thus, culture at elevated CO2 achieved higher percentages of plant survival and of plants in active growth. We suggest that CO2 plays an important role—by increasing ACO2, water use efficiency, soluble sugars, and starch—which results in plants that are physiologically more prepared for transfer to the field.

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Promalin promotes lateral shoot development of young cherry trees

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Improving the Efficacy of Cytokinin Applications for Stimulation of Lateral Branch Development in Young Sweet Cherry Trees in the Orchard

Improving the Efficacy of Cytokinin Applications for Stimulation of Lateral Branch Development in Young Sweet Cherry Trees in the Orchard

Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Branching in Sweet Cherry Trees

Growth, Plant Quality, and Survival of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Seedlings are Enhanced by CO2 Enrichment

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