“…Despite evidence that such health promotion and wellness programs decrease health risks and the associated health care dollars for treatment, insurance companies in the United States do not typically reimburse the insured for their participation in these types of programs, 118 Hoover et al /Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 25 (2009) 99-128 Physiother Theory Pract Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of North Carolina on 11/03/14 creating barriers to the promotion of health, wellness, and preventive medicine initiatives (Ayres and Griffith, 2007a;Ayres and Griffith, 2007b;Latts, Prochazka, Salas, and Young, 2002;McCloy, 2001). Some employers provide incentives for participation in preventative health measures in this manner by providing on-site fitness and wellness programs or covering the cost of memberships at local fitness centers, but the availability of such benefits can vary widely from one employer to the next as can the effectiveness in such programs in changing fitness or physical activity levels (Dishman, Oldenburg, O'Neal, and Shepard, 1999;Lucove, Huston, and Evenson, 2007).…”