Promotion of Wound Healing and Prevention of Frostbite Injury in Rat Skin by Exopolysaccharide from the Arctic Marine Bacterium Polaribacter sp. SM1127

Abstract

Many marine microorganisms synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPSs), and some of these EPSs have been reported to have potential in different fields. However, the pharmaceutical potentials of marine EPSs are rarely reported. The EPS secreted by the Artic marine bacterium Polaribacter sp. SM1127 has good antioxidant activity, outstanding moisture-retention ability, and considerable protective property on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) at low temperature. Here, the effects of SM1127 EPS on skin wound healing and frostbite injury prevention were studied. Scratch wound assay showed that SM1127 EPS could stimulate the migration of HDFs. In the full-thickness cutaneous wound experiment of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, SM1127 EPS increased the wound healing rate and stimulated tissue repair detected by macroscopic observation and histologic examination, showing the ability of SM1127 EPS to promote skin wound healing. In the skin frostbite experiment of SD rats, pretreatment of rat skin with SM1127 EPS increased the rate of frostbite wound healing and promoted the repair of the injured skin significantly, indicating the good effect of SM1127 EPS on frostbite injury prevention. These results suggest the promising potential of SM1127 EPS in the pharmaceutical area to promote skin wound healing and prevent frostbite injury.

Topical Wound Healing Activity of Myricetin Isolated from Tecomaria capensis v. aurea

“…Various techniques have been proposed, including ointments, wound dressings, and grafts transplantation to guarantee tissue repair [ 3 , 4 ]. As synthetic drugs represent a high risk of side effects, including allergic reaction and drug resistance, natural compounds are becoming powerfully implied in alternative wound healing medicines [ 5 ]. Alternative herbal medicine involves moist wound healing, which does not require long-term dressing [ 6 ].…”

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae as a Basis of Modern Biotechnologies for Creating Wound Dressings: Current Achievements and Future Prospects

“…In recent decades, hydrogels, which are three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer chains consisting of 99% water, have become an example of the widespread use of seaweed-derived polysaccharides in wound dressing design and tissue engineering [70,74]. Due to the high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, as well as the ease of functioning, these polymer systems are now actively used in wound treatment [10,21,44,54,[69][70][71][72].…”

“…The structural attractiveness of this type of wound dressings is enhanced by including nanofillers with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities (gold, silver, zinc and copper oxides, antibiotics, hormones, etc.) in their composition [2,21,44,55,69].…”

“…Depending on the duration and pattern of the healing process, acute and chronic wounds are distinguished. An acute wound appears as a result of traumatic or operational (surgical) damage to the skin and heals within 8-12 weeks, depending on the size and degree of tissue injury [23,24,44,45]. Duration of the phases and sequence of the healing stages can be disturbed by a number of local and systemic factors (compression, diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypoxia, necrosis, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species).…”

“…In the last 60–70 years, thousands of biopolymers with unique chemical structures were isolated and characterized from marine organisms. Most of them proved to be superior to the known natural substances obtained from terrestrial organisms in their biological and pharmacological activities [ 2 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 44 , 45 , 53 , 76 , 78 ]. This explains the increased interest of physicians, biologists, chemists, and biotechnologists in the study of marine metabolites with potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and procoagulant activities to be used for medical purposes [ 14 , 20 , 60 , 61 ].…”