Pronounced Changes in Thermal Signals Associated with the Madoi (China) M 7.3 Earthquake from Passive Microwave and Infrared Satellite Data

Jing, Feng; Zhang, Lu; Singh, Ramesh P.

doi:10.3390/rs14112539

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The staged radiation enhancement and weakening of the seismogenic zone may respond to the enhancement and weakening of regional stress [55]. For instance, prior to the Wenchuan Ms8.0 EQ in 2008, the Lushan Ms7.0 EQ in 2013, the Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 EQ in 2017, and the Maduo Ms7.4 EQ in 2021, the staged infrared radiation and ionospheric anomalies were widely confirmed and reported [16][17][18][56][57][58][59][60]. Similarly, the Luding EQ occurred precisely at the boundary intersection of the Chuandian and Bayan Har blocks, and we also identified the multi-sphere coupling anomalies of the ionosphere, infrared radiation, and the AEF in the seismogenic region before the EQ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple previous studies on seismic events have been conducted and numerous preseismic anomalies in infrared radiation, the AEF and the ionosphere have been identified and reported. Firstly, the survey results of the infrared radiation anomalies showed that the persistent enhancement of radiation in the phase before a large EQ may reflect the continuous accumulation of regional stress, which could eventually lead to the occurrence of an upcoming main shock in the seismogenic region [13][14][15][16][17][18]. For example, Barkat et al [13] utilized the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery data for a precursory analysis of three major EQs, including the Kashmir Mw 7.6 EQ on 8 October 2005, the Ziarat Mw 6.4 EQ on 28 October 2008, and the Dalbandin Mw 7.2 EQ on 18 January 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Analysis of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling Associated with the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 Earthquake

et al. 2023

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Taking the Luding Ms6.8 earthquake (EQ) on 5 September 2022 as a case study, we investigated the potential seismic anomalies of the ionosphere, infrared radiation, atmospheric electrostatic field (AEF), and hot spring ions in the seismogenic region. Firstly, we analyzed the multi-parameter anomalies in the ionosphere around the epicenter and found synchronous anomalous disturbances in the ground parameters, namely the global ionospheric map (GIM), GPS, TEC, and satellite parameters, such as the He+ and O+ densities on 26 August under relatively quiet solar–geomagnetic conditions (F10.7 < 120 SFU; Kp < 3; Dst > −30 nT; |AE| < 500 nT). Next, both the anomaly analysis of the infrared radiation and AEF, and the survey results of the Luding EQ scientific expedition on the hot spring ions showed pre-seismic anomalous variations at different time periods in the seismogenic region. The characteristics of Earth’s multi-sphere coupling anomalies in temporal evolution and spatial distribution were obvious, which validated the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) mechanism. Finally, combining the analysis results and the LAIC mechanism, we suggested that the multi-sphere coupling anomalies were more likely associated with the Luding Ms6.8 EQ, and that the differential motion and the regional crustal stress accumulation between the Chuandian block and the Bayan Har block might have led to this EQ. Furthermore, remote sensing and ground-based monitoring technologies can play an important role in corroborating and compensating each other, while further study of the multi-sphere coupling mechanism will provide a clearer understanding of the seismogenic process for major EQs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling Associated with the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 Earthquake

et al. 2023

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“…Considering that it was caused by increased carbon dioxide dissolution in the water, they thought that it might indicate an increase in fault activity in this area. Jing et al [54] analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of the preseismic thermal variations in the Madoi earthquake using the Index of Microwave Radiation Anomaly (IMRA) based on eight years of microwave brightness temperature (MWBT) data. Changes in MWBT are directly dependent on the surface and subsurface temperature and emissivity.…”

Section: Multi-parameter Coupling Relationship and Anomaly Generation...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Model-Based Time Series Prediction of Infrared Long-Wave Radiation Data for Exploring the Precursory Patterns Associated with the 2021 Madoi Earthquake

Zhang,

Sun,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Taking the Madoi MS 7.4 earthquake of 21 May 2021 as an example, this paper proposes using time series prediction models to predict the outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) anomalies and study short-term pre-earthquake signals. Five time series prediction models, including autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and long short-term memory (LSTM), were trained with the OLR time series data of the aseismic moments in the 5° × 5° spatial range around the epicenter. The model with the highest prediction accuracy was selected to retrospectively predict the OLR values during the aseismic period and before the earthquake in the area. It was found, by comparing the predicted time series values with the actual time series value, that the similarity indexes of the two time series before the earthquake were lower than the index of the aseismic period, indicating that the predicted time series before the earthquake significantly differed from the actual time series. Meanwhile, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the anomalies in the 90 days before the earthquake were analyzed with a 95% confidence interval as the criterion of the anomalies, and the following was found: out of 25 grids, 18 grids showed anomalies—the anomalies of the different grids appeared on similar dates, and the anomalies of high values appeared centrally at the time of the earthquake, which supports the hypothesis that pre-earthquake signals may be associated with the earthquake.

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“…Over the past two years, scientists have conducted extensive research on the Madoi earthquake. Jing et al [40] found anomalies in microwave brightness temperature and outgoing longwave radiation prior to the Madoi earthquake. Yang et al [41] found thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies before this event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to the Preparation of the 2021 M7.4 Madoi Earthquake in the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere System

Wang,

Ma,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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The purpose of this work is to investigate the responses of multiple parameters to the Madoi earthquake preparation. A new method is employed to extract anomalies in a geomagnetic field. The results show that there were abnormal changes in the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere near the epicenter before the earthquake. Despite the differences in spatial and temporal resolutions, the increase in geomagnetic residuals in the lithosphere exhibits similar temporal characteristics to the enhancement of thermal infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Two high–value regions are present in the ground–based geomagnetic high residuals and the ionospheric disturbances. The northern one is around the epicenter of the Madoi earthquake. Near the southern one, an M6.4 Yangbi earthquake occurred four hours before the Madoi earthquake. In this study, we have observed almost all of the physical phenomena that can occur during the preparation of an earthquake, as predicted using the electrostatic channel model. It can be inferred that the electrostatic channel is a possible mechanism for coupling between the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere during the Madoi earthquake.

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Pronounced Changes in Thermal Signals Associated with the Madoi (China) M 7.3 Earthquake from Passive Microwave and Infrared Satellite Data

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

The Analysis of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling Associated with the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 Earthquake

The Analysis of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling Associated with the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 Earthquake

Application of Model-Based Time Series Prediction of Infrared Long-Wave Radiation Data for Exploring the Precursory Patterns Associated with the 2021 Madoi Earthquake

Responses to the Preparation of the 2021 M7.4 Madoi Earthquake in the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere System

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