Propagation path loss prediction modelling in enclosed environments for 5G networks: A review

Oladimeji, Tolulope; Kumar, Pradeep; Oyie, Nicholas O.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11581

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Here are some of its peculiar advantages: i. Large Bandwidth: mmWave frequencies provide access to large bandwidths, enabling high data rates and increased capacity [19,[21][22][23]. The availability of abundant spectrum allows for the allocation of wider channels, which is particularly beneficial for Massive MIMO systems.…”

Section: Unique Advantages Of the Mmwave Massive Mimo Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milimeter-Wave Massive Mimo: A Promising Technology for New and Emerging Networks

Linda,

Ejiofor

2023

IJEAST

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Section: Unique Advantages Of the Mmwave Massive Mimo Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milimeter-Wave Massive Mimo: A Promising Technology for New and Emerging Networks

Linda,

Ejiofor

2023

IJEAST

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“…Higher frequency bands mean greater bandwidth, higher data rates, ultra-fast downloads, lower latency, and smaller antenna sizes (Elayan et al, 2020). Although the 60 GHz band is used to improve the signal quality and network capacity, it has the disadvantage of higher atmospheric absorption and propagation losses (Oladimeji et al, 2022). As a result, its coverage area is limited, making it an ideal choice primarily for short-range indoor communications (Carneiro Souza et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstrip Patch Antenna Design With Enhanced Radiation Efficiency for 5g 60 GHZ Millimeter-Wave Systems

Irıqat,

Yenikaya

2024

UUJFE

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In this paper, a wideband, high-gain microstrip patch antenna design for 60 GHz applications is presented. The chosen substrate material is Rogers RT 5880, with a thickness of 1.6 mm, a relative permittivity of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. Initially, a simple rectangular patch antenna is designed. To address the challenges of low gain and low radiation efficiency, two rectangular parasitic elements are introduced. These parasitic elements interact with the main radiator, resulting in improved gain and radiation efficiency. In the final step, an extended ground plane structure is adopted to further enhance return loss, radiation efficiency, and gain. The proposed antenna achieves a high gain of 13.10 dBi and a maximum radiation efficiency of 90% with a compact size of 13.6 × 10.6 mm2. For bandwidth calculations, given that the 60 GHz frequency band is known for its challenging propagation environment, the -15 dB criteria is chosen instead of the commonly used -10 dB criterion. According to this -15 dB criterion, the antenna exhibits wideband behavior spanning from 55 to 65 GHz, offering an impressive impedance bandwidth of 10 GHz. This design demonstrates significant potential for 60 GHz applications.

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“…Due of its shorter wavelength than rainfall or plants, mmWave signals scatter. Another drawback of mmWave is that its shorter wavelength prohibits it from traveling through dense structures, limiting it to LOS communication [16]. NLOS mmWave channel measurement studies in (urban/suburban) areas have given low route loss exponent and signal spread, making it popular for 5G applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concurrently, the pursuit of reducing size and achieving seamless integration with developing technologies demonstrates a dedication to modifying millimeter-wave antennas to suit the changing environment of communication standards. In [15][16][17][18][19][20], scholars strive to not only tackle distinctive obstacles associated with higher frequencies but also use the whole capabilities of millimeter-wave communication systems in the context of our swiftly progressing technological epoch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Aggarwal,

Roy,

Kumar

2024

PIER B

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The increasing volumes of data generated by social networking, cloud computing, e-commerce, and online video broadcasting necessitate the implementation of higher data rates. As the current 4G network encounters congestion and potentially struggles to accommodate the substantial data demand, there is a growing interest in millimeter wave (mmWave) technology. The 30-300 GHz mmWave spectrum is characterized by its broad bandwidth and low latency; it is having many applications in communication domains, also includes 5G cellular. Despite its atmospheric attenuation and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, the majority of nations have begun to implement mmWave 5G in the band of 28/38 GHz as a result of its reduced path loss exponent, minimal signal spread, and decreased atmospheric attenuation. While the patch antenna (single-element) is a compact and easily transportable choice for mmWave applications, its radiation efficiency, gain, and bandwidth are all subpar. Array antennas have effectively addressed these limitations by exhibiting significant enhancements in bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. It is still limited in the maximum data rates it can accommodate. The rate of data can be increased by a factor of one thousand using Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, which is enabled by geographical diversity and multiplexing techniques. As a result, the comprehension of structures of MIMO antennas operating at mmWave is imperative for the continued enhancement of performance. In comparing the efficacy of these designs, bandwidth, isolation, efficiency, gain, and radiation pattern are considered. In this paper, the most recent planar MIMO antenna designs, which are categorized as defected ground structures, Slot/Patch/Stub, MIMO Antenna Array, Dielectric Resonator Antenna, and Meta-Surface/Metamaterial Structures, are described. This paper also addresses the effects that slots, partial ground, and decoupling structures have on levels of isolation, bandwidth, and impedance matching. A comprehensive analysis of the design considerations and subsequent advancements is also provided in this paper.

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Propagation path loss prediction modelling in enclosed environments for 5G networks: A review

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Milimeter-Wave Massive Mimo: A Promising Technology for New and Emerging Networks

Milimeter-Wave Massive Mimo: A Promising Technology for New and Emerging Networks

Microstrip Patch Antenna Design With Enhanced Radiation Efficiency for 5g 60 GHZ Millimeter-Wave Systems

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

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