Prophylactic Hepatitis E Vaccine

Zhang, Jun; Zhao, Qinjian; Xia, Ningshao

doi:10.1007/978-94-024-0942-0_13

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…It is debated whether these strains reflect the behavior of wild-type HEV [26]. The lack of a reproducible cell culture system susceptible to wild-type HEV also hampers the approach to generate a classic inactive or attenuated vaccine [27], to develop and test specific drugs or to identify strategies for efficient HEV inactivation [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Subtype 3c, 3e and 3f-Like Hepatitis E Virus Strains Stably Replicating to High Viral Loads in an Optimized Cell Culture System

Schemmerer¹,

Johne

Erl³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted via the faecal–oral route in developing countries (genotypes 1 and 2) or through contaminated food and blood products worldwide (genotypes 3 and 4). In Europe, HEV subtypes 3c, 3e and 3f are predominant. HEV is the leading cause of acute hepatitis globally and immunocompromised patients are particularly at risk. Because of a lack of cell culture systems efficiently propagating wild-type viruses, research on HEV is mostly based on cell culture-adapted isolates carrying uncommon insertions in the hypervariable region (HVR). While optimizing the cell culture system using the cell culture-adapted HEV strain 47832c, we isolated three wild-type strains derived from clinical specimens representing the predominant spectrum of HEV in Europe. The novel isolates 14-16753 (3c), 14-22707 (3e) and 15-22016 (3f-like) replicate to high viral loads of 108, 109 and 106.5 HEV RNA copies/mL at 14 days post-inoculation, respectively. In addition, they could be kept as persistently infected cell cultures with constant high viral loads (~109 copies/mL) for more than a year. In contrast to the latest isolates 47832c, LBPR-0379 and Kernow-C1, the new isolates do not carry genome insertions in the HVR. Optimization of HEV cell culture identified amphotericin B, distinct salts and fetal calf serum (FCS) as important medium supplements. Overconfluent cell layers increased infectivity and virus production. PLC/PRF/5, HuH-7-Lunet BLR, A549 and HepG2/C3A supported replication with different efficiencies. The novel strains and optimized cell culture system may be useful for studies on the HEV life cycle, inactivation, specific drug and vaccine development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Subtype 3c, 3e and 3f-Like Hepatitis E Virus Strains Stably Replicating to High Viral Loads in an Optimized Cell Culture System

Schemmerer¹,

Johne

Erl³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…Furthermore, the results showed that shortening the period of infection can lower the incidence of HEV, representing another effective intervention and suggesting that we should aim for early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment for controlling HEV transmission. To achieve this, it is necessary to improve the detection rate and treatment of hepatitis E. In addition, a study has shown that the hepatitis E vaccine has a good effect on controlling the disease [ 29 ], and our study also showed that the higher the vaccination coefficient, the more the incidence rate decreases. When the vaccination coefficient was 60%, the incidence has already decreased even more significantly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…An individual’s HEV IgG “antibody maintenance time” after infection with HEV exceeds 14 years [ 29 ]; thus, f = 1/(14 × 12) = 0.00595. Based on the literature, the survival time of HEV in water and the environment is 1/ ε , about 3 weeks; thus, thus we set ε = 1.3333 [ 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of controlling hepatitis E in Jiangsu Province, China: a modelling study

Yang

Cheng²,

Zhao

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background Hepatitis E, an acute zoonotic disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), has a relatively high burden in developing countries. The current research model on hepatitis E mainly uses experimental animal models (such as pigs, chickens, and rabbits) to explain the transmission of HEV. Few studies have developed a multi-host and multi-route transmission dynamic model (MHMRTDM) to explore the transmission feature of HEV. Hence, this study aimed to explore its transmission and evaluate the effectiveness of intervention using the dataset of Jiangsu Province. Methods We developed a dataset comprising all reported HEV cases in Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2018. The MHMRTDM was developed according to the natural history of HEV cases among humans and pigs and the multi-transmission routes such as person-to-person, pig-to-person, and environment-to-person. We estimated the key parameter of the transmission using the principle of least root mean square to fit the curve of the MHMRTDM to the reported data. We developed models with single or combined countermeasures to assess the effectiveness of interventions, which include vaccination, shortening the infectious period, and cutting transmission routes. The indicator, total attack rate (TAR), was adopted to assess the effectiveness. Results From 2005 to 2018, 44 923 hepatitis E cases were reported in Jiangsu Province. The model fits the data well (R2 = 0.655, P < 0.001). The incidence of the disease in Jiangsu Province and its cities peaks are around March; however, transmissibility of the disease peaks in December and January. The model showed that the most effective intervention was interrupting the pig-to-person route during the incidence trough of September, thereby reducing the TAR by 98.11%, followed by vaccination (reducing the TAR by 76.25% when the vaccination coefficient is 100%) and shortening the infectious period (reducing the TAR by 50.05% when the infectious period is shortened to 15 days). Conclusions HEV could be controlled by interrupting the pig-to-person route, shortening the infectious period, and vaccination. Among these interventions, the most effective was interrupting the pig-to-person route. Graphic Abstract

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“…Although a prophylactic vaccine for HEV has been developed, it is only licensed in China, this vaccine is effective against HEV genotypes 1 and 4. [27] Chronic HEV infection Figure 1. Treatment algorithm for the chronic HEV infection for transplant recipients.…”

Section: Prevention From Hev Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E update

Günşar¹

2020

Hepatology Forum

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is estimated to be one of the commonest causes of acute hepatitis in the world. All patients with symptoms consistent with acute hepatitis should be tested for HEV. HEV was thought to be limited to certain developing countries until the last decade and was only ever seen in travellers of developed countries in returning from hyperendemic countries. We now know that HEV could be endemic in most high-income countries and is largely a zoonotic infection. European Association for the Study of the Liver suggests testing for hepatitis E in patients with unexplained flares of chronic liver disease. Particular risk groups for a severe HEV course are pregnant women infected with genotype 1 and older men or patients with underlying chronic diseases for genotype 3. Prevention is the most important point (safe water, avoiding undercooked meat, to be careful in highly endemic countries) to decrease the HEV infection.

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Prophylactic Hepatitis E Vaccine

Cited by 13 publications

References 90 publications

Isolation of Subtype 3c, 3e and 3f-Like Hepatitis E Virus Strains Stably Replicating to High Viral Loads in an Optimized Cell Culture System

Isolation of Subtype 3c, 3e and 3f-Like Hepatitis E Virus Strains Stably Replicating to High Viral Loads in an Optimized Cell Culture System

Feasibility of controlling hepatitis E in Jiangsu Province, China: a modelling study

Hepatitis E update

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