“…The close link between physical offline DV and cyber-aggression observed in this study highlights the ease with which adolescents transfer aggression from the real world to the virtual world, and both aggression toward peers and aggression toward romantic partners [2,6,16,28,58,67,68]. Physical offline DV involves intentionally using physical force to harm victims, e.g., hitting, pushing and slapping, while cyber-aggressions includes behaviors that involve harming victims through direct attacks, e.g., threats, insults or disseminating private information [1,11,20,21,38]. Both forms of DV (cyber-aggression and offline physical aggression) involve directly harming victims and they seem closely connected.…”