Propionic and acetic acid pertraction through a multimembrane hybrid system containing TOPO or TBP

Introduction, General Description, Definitions, and Classification. Overview

“…Many more technologies that were developed and tested in the last decade have to be included in the BLM group. These are similar BLM systems, such as hybrid liquid membrane (HLM) [9], hollowfiber liquid membrane (HFCLM) [10], (HFLM) [11], pertraction [12][13][14], flowing liquid membranes (FLM) [15], membrane-based extraction and stripping [16][17][18], multimembrane hybrid system (MHS) [19], and membrane contactor systems [8,20,21]. All these systems are based on membrane-based nondispersive (as the means for blocking the organic reagent from mixing with the aqueous feed and strip solutions) selective Introduction, General Description, Definitions, and Classification.…”

“…The solute does not react chemically with LM and is supposed to be in the same form in the feed (F), LM (E), and receiving, R, phases. As an example, some carboxylic and amino acids [19,31], phenol [32] transport through xylene, decanol LM may be presented.…”

Carrier-Facilitated Coupled Transport Through Liquid Membranes

“…This approach is insufficient to explain the real transport in LM systems. The integral approach [1-7, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] considers the three-liquid phase system to be a closed 1 multiphase system and, therefore, takes into consideration the processes and changes in all three liquids. Most models of the integral approach are very sophisticated because they assume many possible types of control, nonlinear equilibria, phase interactions, etc.…”

“…On the other hand, the system loses its selectivity when distribution parameters of both metal species are either extremely high or extremely low [29,37,74]. Selectivity can be increased for BLM and partly for ELM systems by choosing a selective carrier with intermediate distribution data values, and adjusting its concentration, its volume, the acidity of the feed and strip solutions in such a way as to approach the above conditions [75,76].…”

“…Selectivity can be increased for BLM and partly for ELM systems by choosing a selective carrier with intermediate distribution data values, and adjusting its concentration, its volume, the acidity of the feed and strip solutions in such a way as to approach the above conditions [75,76]. Another way to improve selectivity parameters is to choose some mixtures of the strong and relatively weak carriers [77]. In every case it has to be checked by experimentation.…”