2003
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.07.001
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Proposal for a risk assessment methodology for skin sensitization based on sensitization potency data

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Cited by 117 publications
(74 citation statements)
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References 84 publications
(119 reference statements)
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“…In view of these properties also in the skin, a prolonged presence of formaldehyde can be expected after exposure. Our results on the EC3 value (0.96%) of formaldehyde are on the same order of magnitude as previously published (EC3 of 0.54% and 0.65%, Griem et al, 2003;Basketter et al, 2005a). For the formaldehyde donors investigated, we did not reach a stimulation index of 3 in the dose-response experiments (Table 1).…”
Section: Exposure To Chemicalsupporting
confidence: 90%
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“…In view of these properties also in the skin, a prolonged presence of formaldehyde can be expected after exposure. Our results on the EC3 value (0.96%) of formaldehyde are on the same order of magnitude as previously published (EC3 of 0.54% and 0.65%, Griem et al, 2003;Basketter et al, 2005a). For the formaldehyde donors investigated, we did not reach a stimulation index of 3 in the dose-response experiments (Table 1).…”
Section: Exposure To Chemicalsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The EC3 value obtained in the LLNA indicates sensization ability and sensitization potency of the investigated chemicals. Although the EC3 value itself is not a threshold for immunization in mice or man, the data can be used for prediction of safe exposure levels for man (Griem et al, 2003;Schneider and Akkam, 2004;Basketter et al, 2005b). Our results demonstrate that repeated and prolonged exposure to doses below the EC3 value can induce reactions above the cutoff point for hazard identification in draining lymph nodes in mice.…”
Section: Exposure To Chemicalmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…429;OECD, 2002) as a stand-alone test for skin sensitization. One of the merits of the LLNA is that it provides quantitative information on the sensitization potency of a test chemical in the form of an EC3 value (i.e., the estimated concentration required to induce a 3-fold increase in lymph node cell proliferation), which can be used for the risk assessment of finished products containing that chemical (Gerberick et al, 2001;Griem et al, 2003;Api and Vey, 2008). The LLNA is currently the first-choice method for assessing sensitization potency (Angers-Loustau et al, 2011).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%