Proposed Open Systems Model and Intelligent Agriculture in Coffee Farms within the Harvesting Process

Abstract

The countries that produce the most coffee worldwide have an economy based on agribusiness and it is noteworthy that some of them apply various methods based on Industry 4.0 in their processes. However, in coffee production these technologies have a very limited application. The use of open systems makes it possible to talk about intelligent agriculture, which implements various technologies to improve some processes. This research work identifies the different technologies of Industry 4.0 that could be used in agriculture by the leading countries in coffee production as proposed in this research work. The development of the theoretical and methodological framework allows identifying three general steps in the management of information in this area: generation, grouping and visualization. After the theoretical review, the main trends of these countries with signs of intelligent agriculture are presented as results, given that they apply Industry 4.0 technologies. To visualize the impact that these technologies can have on coffee farms, the open systems model of Katz & Kan is proposed. The application of this model will allow the integration of Industry 4.0 within coffee farms. Finally, it is concluded that the most used technology is the internet of things and sensors, which many of the authors used together, while robotics is the least implemented. By implementing these technologies, the authors showed benefits in crop monitoring, irrigation systems and management systems.

Possibilities of deterioration of artificial intelligence

“…Is there any chance that this technology could lead to the path that have no positive outcome? Therefore, the following article will look into the possible issue of deterioration of the technology or damage it could have to the implemented field [1,2].…”