Proposing boric acid as an antidote for aluminium phosphide poisoning by investigation of the chemical reaction between boric acid and phosphine

Soltani, Motahareh; Shetab-Boushehri, Seyed Farid; Mohammadi, Hamidreza; Shetab-Boushehri, Seyed Vahid

doi:10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.11.001

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Motahareh Soltani, 1 Seyed F. Shetab-Boushehri, 2 *Seyed V. Shetab-Boushehri 3,4 Advances in Knowledge -The results of the present study show that phosphine (PH 3 ) reacts with boric acid and produces a gaseous adduct.…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Although AlP is not toxic per se, the pesticide releases phosphine (PH 3 )-a colourless, water insoluble, flammable and highly toxic gas-after coming into contact with water. [1][2][3] The gas is produced according to the following chemical equation: 4 While odourless in its pure form, PH 3 can smell of garlic or decaying fish due to the presence of impurities such as substituted phosphines and diphosphines.…”

Section: Application To Patient Care -The Results Of This Study May Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a reducing agent with a lone-pair electron which reduces cytochrome c oxidase and interferes with the electron transfer from complex III to complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, ultimately resulting in the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine triphosphate depletion and cell death. 1 AlP is a multiorgan poison which has toxic effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and gastrointestinal systems and induces acid-base disturbances. 1,[5][6][7][8][9] Myocardial damage is reported to be the primary cause of death in AlP poisoning.…”

Section: Application To Patient Care -The Results Of This Study May Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 AlP is a multiorgan poison which has toxic effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and gastrointestinal systems and induces acid-base disturbances. 1,[5][6][7][8][9] Myocardial damage is reported to be the primary cause of death in AlP poisoning. 10,11 AlP poisoning is more prevalent in Iran and India.…”

Section: Application To Patient Care -The Results Of This Study May Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] Recently, boric acid has been theoretically proposed as an antidote for AlP poisoning. 1 With the formula B(OH) 3 , boric acid is a Lewis acid with an empty p orbital which can accept electrons. It is nontoxic with a median lethal oral dose of 5.14 g kg -1 in rats.…”

Section: Application To Patient Care -The Results Of This Study May Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Reaction between Boric Acid and Phosphine Indicates Boric Acid as an Antidote for Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

Soltani¹,

Shetab-Boushehri²,

Shetab-Boushehri³

2016

SQUMJ

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Objectives: Aluminium phosphide (AlP) is a fumigant pesticide which protects stored grains from insects and rodents. When it comes into contact with moisture, AlP releases phosphine (PH 3 ), a highly toxic gas. No efficient antidote has been found for AlP poisoning so far and most people who are poisoned do not survive. Boric acid is a Lewis acid with an empty p orbital which accepts electrons. This study aimed to investigate the neutralisation of PH 3 gas with boric acid. Methods: This study was carried out at the Baharlou Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between December 2013 and February 2014. The volume of released gas, rate of gas evolution and changes in pH were measured during reactions of AlP tablets with water, acidified water, saturated boric acid solution, acidified saturated boric acid solution, activated charcoal and acidified activated charcoal. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the resulting probable adduct between PH 3 and boric acid. Results: Activated charcoal significantly reduced the volume of released gas (P <0.01). Although boric acid did not significantly reduce the volume of released gas, it significantly reduced the rate of gas evolution (P <0.01). A gaseous adduct was formed in the reaction between pure AlP and boric acid. Conclusion: These findings indicate that boric acid may be an efficient and non-toxic antidote for PH 3 poisoning. Advances in Knowledge -The results of the present study show that phosphine (PH 3 ) reacts with boric acid and produces a gaseous adduct.-Activated charcoal was found to significantly reduce the volume of released PH 3 gas, while boric acid significantly reduced the rate of gas evolution.-The time taken for the production of a lethal volume of PH 3 gas was 6.5-21 minutes.

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confidence: 63%

Section: Application To Patient Care -The Results Of This Study May Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To Patient Care -The Results Of This Study May Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To Patient Care -The Results Of This Study May Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To Patient Care -The Results Of This Study May Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Reaction between Boric Acid and Phosphine Indicates Boric Acid as an Antidote for Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

Soltani¹,

Shetab-Boushehri²,

Shetab-Boushehri³

2016

SQUMJ

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Comment on Asghari et al. 2017: On the mechanisms of melatonin in protection of aluminum phosphide cardiotoxicity. Arch Toxicol [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1007/s00204-017-1998-6

Shetab-Boushehri

2017

Arch Toxicol

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Diagnosis of aluminum phosphide poisoning using a new analytical approach: forensic application to a lethal intoxication

et al. 2017

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Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is an effective and cheap pesticide that is commonly used worldwide, but it is also a common cause of human poisoning and carries a high mortality rate. AlP reacts with moisture in air, water, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach to produce phosphine (PH) gas. Two routes of exposure are ingestion of AlP and inhalation of phosphine generated by the action of moisture on AlP. Absorbed phosphine is rapidly metabolized into phosphite and hypophosphite. A method is described for the analysis of the phosphine metabolites in various biological matrices. The method involves reacting the sample with zinc and aqueous HSO in a volatile organic analysis vial. The metabolites were transformed into phosphine gas and then analyzed by headspace gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). This method is capable of detecting quantities of PH as low as 0.2 μg/mL in a sample. After validation, the method was applied to animal experiments and a real case of human AlP intoxication. This approach has the advantage of detecting metabolites of PH, in case the PH was converted, and can be considered a useful additional tool for the diagnosis of AlP poisoning in forensic science.

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Proposing boric acid as an antidote for aluminium phosphide poisoning by investigation of the chemical reaction between boric acid and phosphine

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Chemical Reaction between Boric Acid and Phosphine Indicates Boric Acid as an Antidote for Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

Chemical Reaction between Boric Acid and Phosphine Indicates Boric Acid as an Antidote for Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

Comment on Asghari et al. 2017: On the mechanisms of melatonin in protection of aluminum phosphide cardiotoxicity. Arch Toxicol [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1007/s00204-017-1998-6

Diagnosis of aluminum phosphide poisoning using a new analytical approach: forensic application to a lethal intoxication

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