“…Since the early 1970s, many models for ES analysis have been developed that have had multiple uses in terms of demand forecasting, better understanding of current and future interactions between supply and demand, energy and environment, energy and economy, and ES planning. Optimization models can be applied: globally (Johnston et al 2013), for parts of continents, such as models for the countries of northwestern Europe (Hirth, 2017), at the state level such as: Japan (Bhattacharya & Kojima, 2012), Algeria (Saiah & Stambouli, 2017), Portugal and Spain (Mendes & Soares, 2014), Korea (Geem & Kim, 2016), Lebanon (Kabakian &El Sayed, 2014), andMexico (Vidal-Amaro et al, 2015), Texas-USA (Palmintier, 2013).…”