Prospective options of algae-derived nutraceuticals as supplements to combat COVID-19 and human coronavirus diseases

Ratha, Sachitra Kumar; Renuka, Nirmal; Rawat, Ismail; Bux, Faizal

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111089

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A molecular docking-based study recently reported the antiviral potential of marine-derived compounds including oleic acid, saringosterol, β-Sitosterol, Caulerpin, Glycoglycerolipids, Kjellmanianone, and Loliolide isolated from red, green, and brown macroalgae as candidate inhibitors against 3CL pro , the Spike protein, and the ACE-2 receptor of SARS-CoV-2 (El-Mageed et al, 2021). Another study also reviewed the therapeutic role of Spirulina algae-derived nutraceuticals in boosting the adaptive and innate immunity against coronavirus as well as other viral diseases (Ratha et al, 2021). Similarly, Ray et al (2020) reviewed the potential role of marine-derived bioactive polysaccharides including fucan sulfates, ulvan, alginate, agarans, carrageenans, and galactans from red seaweeds against diverse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Simulations Identified Marine-Derived Natural Bioactive Compounds as Replication Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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The rapid spread of COVID-19, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a worldwide health emergency. Unfortunately, to date, a very small number of remedies have been to be found effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, further research is required to achieve a lasting solution against this deadly disease. Repurposing available drugs and evaluating natural product inhibitors against target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 could be an effective approach to accelerate drug discovery and development. With this strategy in mind, we derived Marine Natural Products (MNP)-based drug-like small molecules and evaluated them against three major target proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus replication cycle. A drug-like database from MNP library was generated using Lipinski’s rule of five and ADMET descriptors. A total of 2,033 compounds were obtained and were subsequently subjected to molecular docking with 3CLpro, PLpro, and RdRp. The docking analyses revealed that a total of 14 compounds displayed better docking scores than the reference compounds and have significant molecular interactions with the active site residues of SARS-CoV-2 virus targeted proteins. Furthermore, the stability of docking-derived complexes was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. The analyses revealed two hit compounds against each targeted protein displaying stable behavior, binding affinity, and molecular interactions. Our investigation identified two hit compounds against each targeted proteins displaying stable behavior, higher binding affinity and key residual molecular interactions, with good in silico pharmacokinetic properties, therefore can be considered for further in vitro studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Simulations Identified Marine-Derived Natural Bioactive Compounds as Replication Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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“…Other Arthrospira platensis metabolites are also active against enveloped viruses such as HIV, HSV and possibly SARS-CoV [ 107 , 108 ]. This microorganism and Arthrospira -based products (spirulina extracts) have been used for centuries as protein- and vitamin-rich health food supplements or nutraceuticals.…”

Section: Cyanobacterial Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expanded use of spirulina extracts in food and beverages was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [21CFR73.530]. In HIV-patients treated with spirulina extract, a significant decrease in viral load accompanied by an increase in the activity of macrophages, interferon production, NK cytotoxicity and other immune system responses was observed [ 108 , 109 , 110 ]. In enzymatic hydrolysate from the marine Spirulina sp., phycobilin-derived peptides with inhibitory activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were isolated [ 111 , 112 ].…”

Section: Cyanobacterial Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhibition of ACE also enhances the activity of ACE2 (converting angiotensin II into angiotensin), which is downregulated in the SARS-CoV2 infected organs. In COVID-19 patients with severe injury of ACE2 expressing organs, mainly lungs, the therapeutic application of ACEIs has been studied [ 108 ]. On the other hand, SARS-CoV2 infection starts with the attachment of the viral spike protein (S-protein) to the host cell ACE2 [ 113 ].…”

Section: Cyanobacterial Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral Cyanometabolites—A Review

et al. 2021

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Global processes, such as climate change, frequent and distant travelling and population growth, increase the risk of viral infection spread. Unfortunately, the number of effective and accessible medicines for the prevention and treatment of these infections is limited. Therefore, in recent years, efforts have been intensified to develop new antiviral medicines or vaccines. In this review article, the structure and activity of the most promising antiviral cyanobacterial products are presented. The antiviral cyanometabolites are mainly active against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), Ebola or the influenza viruses. The majority of the metabolites are classified as lectins, monomeric or dimeric proteins with unique amino acid sequences. They all show activity at the nanomolar range but differ in carbohydrate specificity and recognize a different epitope on high mannose oligosaccharides. The cyanobacterial lectins include cyanovirin-N (CV-N), scytovirin (SVN), microvirin (MVN), Microcystisviridis lectin (MVL), and Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin (OAA). Cyanobacterial polysaccharides, peptides, and other metabolites also have potential to be used as antiviral drugs. The sulfated polysaccharide, calcium spirulan (CA-SP), inhibited infection by enveloped viruses, stimulated the immune system’s response, and showed antitumor activity. Microginins, the linear peptides, inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), therefore, their use in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with injury of the ACE2 expressing organs is considered. In addition, many cyanobacterial extracts were revealed to have antiviral activities, but the active agents have not been identified. This fact provides a good basis for further studies on the therapeutic potential of these microorganisms.

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“…EPA and DHA intake can come from a diet high in fish or through dietary supplementation with fish oils or purified oils [34]. Other, more sustainable sources of EPA and DHA include algae [35,36], which can also be exploited for their rich abundance of other bioactive compounds such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor peptides and antiviral agents including phycobiliproteins, sulfated polysaccharides, and calcium-spirulan [37]. n-3 PUFAs have been investigated for many years for their therapeutic potential [38].…”

Section: N-3 Pufamentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dose vitamin C infusion for the treatment of critically ill COVID-19

Rao

Zhu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundNo specific medication has been proven effective for the treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we tested whether high-dose vitamin C infusion was effective for severe COVID-19.MethodsThis randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed at 3 hospitals in Hubei, China. Patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the ICU were randomly assigned in as 1:1 ratio to either the high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) or the placebo. HDIVC group received 12 g of vitamin C/50 ml every 12 hours for 7 days at a rate of 12 ml/hour, and the placebo group received bacteriostatic water for injection in the same way. The primary outcome was invasive mechanical ventilation-free days in 28 days(IMVFD28). Secondary outcomes were 28-day mortality, organ failure, and inflammation progression.ResultsFifty-four critical COVID-19 patients were ultimately recruited. There was no difference in IMVFD28 between two groups. During the 7-day treatment period, patients in the HDIVC group had a steady rise in the PaO2/FiO2 (day 7: 229 vs. 151 mmHg, 95% CI 33 to 122, P = 0.01). Patients with SOFA scores ≥ 3 in the HDIVC group exhibited a significant reduction in 28-day mortality (P = 0.05) in univariate survival analysis. IL-6 in the VC group was lower than that in the placebo group (19.42 vs. 158.00; 95% CI -301.72 to -29.79; P = 0.04) on day 7.ConclusionThe addition of HDIVC may provide a protective clinical effect without any adverse events in critically ill patients with COVID-19.Clinicaltrial.gov identifer: NCT04264533

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Prospective options of algae-derived nutraceuticals as supplements to combat COVID-19 and human coronavirus diseases

Cited by 54 publications

References 51 publications

Computational Simulations Identified Marine-Derived Natural Bioactive Compounds as Replication Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

Computational Simulations Identified Marine-Derived Natural Bioactive Compounds as Replication Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

Antiviral Cyanometabolites—A Review

High-dose vitamin C infusion for the treatment of critically ill COVID-19

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