Prostate cancer – major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual

Buyyounouski, Mark K.; Choyke, Peter L.; McKenney, Jesse K.; Sartor, Oliver; Sandler, Howard M.; Amin, Mahul B.; Kattan, Michael W.; Lin, Daniel W.

doi:10.3322/caac.21391

Cited by 294 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast, mtDNA content in NAP is not correlated with ISUP grade of the core or RP ( P ‐value s = 0.085 and 0.237 (Figure B), respectively). Additionally, we compared mtDNA content with pathology characteristics of tumor stage (pT2‐4) as defined in the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM Criteria and with extracapsular extension at diagnosis. We observed an increase in mtDNA content between pT2 and pT3 ( P‐ value = 0.0036, Figure C) and extracapsular extension ( P ‐value = 0.008 (Supplementary Figure S2A) in PCa tissue, while no associations were observed in NAP for both tumor stage ( P ‐value = 0.63, Figure D) and extracapsular extension ( P ‐value = 0.61, Supplementary Figure S2B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered mitochondrial genome content signals worse pathology and prognosis in prostate cancer

et al. 2017

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Background Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) content is depleted in many cancers. In prostate cancer, there is intra‐glandular as well as inter‐patient mtDNA copy number variation. In this study, we determine if mtDNA content can be used as a predictor for prostate cancer staging and outcomes. Methods Fresh prostate cancer biopsies from 115 patients were obtained at time of surgery. All cores underwent pathological review, followed by isolation of cancer and normal tissue. DNA was extracted and qPCR performed to quantify the total amount of mtDNA as a ratio to genomic DNA. Differences in mtDNA content were compared for prostate cancer pathology features and disease outcomes. Results We showed a significantly reduced mtDNA content in prostate cancer compared with normal adjacent prostate tissue (mean difference 1.73‐fold, P‐value <0.001). Prostate cancer with increased mtDNA content showed unfavorable pathologic characteristics including, higher disease stage (PT2 vs PT3 P‐value = 0.018), extracapsular extension (P‐value = 0.02) and a trend toward an increased Gleason score (P‐value = 0.064). No significant association was observed between changes in mtDNA content and biochemical recurrence (median follow up of 107 months). Conclusions Contrary to other cancer types, prostate cancer tissue shows no universally depleted mtDNA content. Rather, the change in mtDNA content is highly variable, mirroring known prostate cancer genome heterogeneity. Patients with high mtDNA content have an unfavorable pathology, while a high mtDNA content in normal adjacent prostate tissue is associated with worse prognosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered mitochondrial genome content signals worse pathology and prognosis in prostate cancer

et al. 2017

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“…Patients with ‐GU and/or BR were included in the study groups, and 20 patients without GU and/or BR comprised the control group. PCa patients were evaluated on the basis of the WHO 2010 Gleason grade classification and staged according to the TNM classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer guidelines . Clinical parameters and histopathological data are shown in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of let‐7c, miR‐21, miR‐145, miR‐182, and miR‐221 with clinicopathologic parameters of prostate cancer in patients diagnosed with low‐risk disease

Kurul¹,

Ateş

Yılmaz

et al. 2019

The Prostate

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Background The diagnostic benefit of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is limited, owing to its lack of specificity, particularly in men with PSA levels of 4.0 to 10.0 ng/mL. Therefore, there is a need for more specific and sensitive biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and to predict prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Assessing the expression levels of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with PCa may be helpful in detecting cancer and predicting the cancer prognosis and its evolution, and may serve as markers to decide the treatment. We examined the expression levels of five miRNAs (let‐7c, miR‐21, miR‐145, miR‐185, and miR‐221) on patients with low‐risk PCa who had been eligible for active surveillance but underwent radical prostatectomy. We investigated the correlation between the relative expression of miRNAs and clinicopathologic parameters to evaluate their clinical significance. Materials and Methods Total RNA was isolated from the tumor and the corresponding non‐neoplastic prostate tissue of 45 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the levels of let‐7c, miR‐21, miR‐145, miR‐185, miR‐221, and RNU6B expression, using TaqMan MicroRNA Assays. miRNA expression was examined in low‐risk PCa, and miRNAs' association with Gleason upgraded (GU) and biochemical recurrent (BR) patients was evaluated. Results We observed that miR‐21 and miR‐182 were overexpressed; conversely, let‐7c, miR‐145, and miR‐221 were underexpressed in patients with low‐risk PCa. GU patients (n = 16) and non‐upgraded patients (n = 28) were compared. miR‐145 was downregulated significantly in the GU group (P = 0.03). Similarly, miR‐221 was downregulated significantly in patients with BR (n = 14) compared with non‐recurrent patients (n = 30) (P = 0.04). Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis revealed that miR‐221 levels were significantly associated with BR in patients with a cut‐off <−1.666, a value at which sensitivity was 70% and specificity 71% (area under curve [AUC] = 0.705, P = 0.030). Conclusions There is still a need for a tumor marker with higher sensitivity and specificity than that of PSA. Among the five miRNAs examined, miR‐221 was most associated with biochemical recurrence in low‐risk PCa.

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“…The revised (2014) criteria for the Gleason score (GS) and Gleason grading system were adopted. TNM stages were determined according to the revised recommendations of the American Joint Cancer Committee in 2017 . The presence and location of extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesicle involvement (SVI), bladder neck invasion (BNI), positive surgical margin (PSM), and lymph node involvement (LNI) were also routinely recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and pathologic characteristics of familial prostate cancer in Asian population

Kim

et al. 2019

The Prostate

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Background We investigated prevalence of familial and hereditary prostate cancer (PCa) in Asian population, and compared clinical characteristics between familial and sporadic disease. Methods Pedigrees of 1102 patients who were treated for PCa were prospectively acquired. Clinical and pathologic characteristics and biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival were compared between familial PCa and sporadic PCa in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP; n = 751). Results The prevalence of familial, first‐degree familial, and hereditary PCa was found to be 8.4%, 6.7%, and 0.9%, respectively; similar result was obtained in patients who underwent RP (8.4%, 6.4%, and 0.9%). Patients with familial PCa were significantly younger than those with sporadic PCa (63.3 vs 65.6 years; P = .015). However, preoperative variables (prostate‐specific antigen, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score [GS], and percentage of positive biopsy cores) and postoperative variables (surgical GS, upgrading rate, pathologic stage, and percentage of tumor volume) did not correlate with family history (P range: .114–.982). Kaplan‐Meier analysis of 5‐year BCR‐free survival revealed no significant difference between sporadic (82.7%), familial (89.4%; P = .594), and first‐degree familial (87.1%; P = .774) PCa. Analysis of p53, Bcl‐2, Ki67, and other immunohistochemistry biomarkers revealed that only increasing p53 expression and first‐degree familial PCa approached significance (P = .059). Conclusion The prevalence of familial PCa was somewhat lower in the Asian population than in other ethnic groups. Clinical and pathologic variables and selected histologic biomarker abnormalities were not significantly different in patients with and without a family history of PCa. BCR‐free survival following RP was also unaffected by family history.

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Prostate cancer – major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual

Cited by 294 publications

References 26 publications

Altered mitochondrial genome content signals worse pathology and prognosis in prostate cancer

Altered mitochondrial genome content signals worse pathology and prognosis in prostate cancer

The association of let‐7c, miR‐21, miR‐145, miR‐182, and miR‐221 with clinicopathologic parameters of prostate cancer in patients diagnosed with low‐risk disease

Clinical and pathologic characteristics of familial prostate cancer in Asian population

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