Prostate-specific antigen kallikrein complexes and acute myocardial infarction

p2PSA but not total and free PSA increases after myocardial infarction: Results of a preliminary investigation

“…At variance with previous studies, which reported that PSA values either increase or decrease after an AMI [2,3], the results of this preliminary investigation suggest that p2PSA might increase after AMI, whereas the concentrations of both tPSA and fPSA remain mostly unchanged. Notwithstanding the limited number of subjects studied, which precludes to draw definitive conclusions on this topic, the relationship between AMI and prostate biology is an appealing area of research that merits further scrutiny in larger clinical trials.…”

“…Some previous studies have reported contradictory evidence about the kinetics of total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), observing either increased or decreases value [1][2][3]. No information is also available on the behaviour of free PSA (fPSA) and especially on the novel prostate cancer biomarker PSA isoform p2PSA [4] in patients with AMI, to the best of our knowledge.…”

Prostate-specific antigen kallikrein and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

“…Increasing evidence suggests that PSA relates to the cardiovascular system [3]. Of note, increased PSA serum levels have been reported after prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation [4,5], cardiac surgery [6], extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass [7,8], cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [9], AMI [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and coronary artery stenting [20]. However, also decreased PSA serum levels have been reported during AMI [2,21,22] and this latter finding has opened a new possible intriguing scenario [1,16,18,21,23].…”

“…PSA also gradually change with age and it is preferable to use the percentage of agespecific PSA ranges (a.s. PSA) instead of the simple PSA levels [23,33]. Another question concerns the variation of PSA as it relates to its raise and/ or its diminution during acute coronary syndrome and as it relates to the severity of the underlying coronary artery disease [2,3,17,[21][22][23], and to occurrence of major adverse cardiac events after AMI [2,3,17,21]. An acutephase response [12] and a prostatic ischemia and/or infarction [22] have been implicated in PSA elevation.…”

“…The variation of PSA can depend from a change in formation and/or in catabolism [23]. It has also pointed out that when the elevation of PSA occurs during AMI, coronary lesions are frequent and often more severe than when a diminution of PSA occurs [2,3,17,[21][22][23]. Moreover, levels of PSA are more reliable if interpreted in combination with information about C-reactive protein [6,[16][17][18].…”