Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Screening for Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Association between radiation therapy, surgery, or observation for localized prostate cancer and patient-reported outcomes after 3 years.

<p>Circular RNA circHIPK3 promotes cell proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer by sponging miR-193a-3p and regulating MCL1 expression</p>

“…PCa is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and account for 13.5% of newly diagnosed cancers worldwide in 2018 1. Although at the time of diagnosis most men present with localized PCa, current clinical diagnostic biomarkers such as prostate-specific antigen are not precise enough to distinguish between PCa and other benign prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis 11. Moreover, these biomarkers do not optimally triage individual patients into risk groupings that can be used to determine how aggressively the cancer should be treated 12…”

The auxiliary diagnostic value of prostate‑specific antigen and α‑methylacyl‑CoA racemase in prostate cancer

“…PSA is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease produced by prostate epithelial cells ( 12 ). When the prostate is stimulated, PSA expression increases and this can be detected in PCa tissues using IHC analysis; however, there is no differential expression between benign and malignant prostate tissues ( 21 ), which is consistent with the results of the present study.…”

“…Notably, PSA is an organ-specific marker, thus possesses diagnostic applications ( 9 ). It can be used as a specific indicator to identify the tumor origin, particularly with metastatic tumors ( 12 ). Furthermore, high PSA expression levels are indicative of PCa, although it is not expressed, or only partially expressed, in a few high-grade cases of PCa, cases of PCa with neuroendocrine differentiation and other tissues, such as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate ( 22 ).…”

“…Thus, cellular biomarkers, such as PSA and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (P504S) may be used for further diagnostic confirmation of ambiguous lesions ( 10 , 11 ). PSA is a glycoprotein secreted by prostate columnar and glandular epithelial cells, and is extensively used for the early diagnosis of PCa ( 12 ). Furthermore, it is organ-specific and can be used to distinguish secondary adenocarcinomas that invade the prostate; however, it is less specific to tumors, thus, it is not used alone for the diagnosis of PCa ( 12 ).…”

“…PSA is a glycoprotein secreted by prostate columnar and glandular epithelial cells, and is extensively used for the early diagnosis of PCa ( 12 ). Furthermore, it is organ-specific and can be used to distinguish secondary adenocarcinomas that invade the prostate; however, it is less specific to tumors, thus, it is not used alone for the diagnosis of PCa ( 12 ). According to a previous report, P504S is also highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of PCa ( 13 ).…”