Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis After Transcatheter Valve Replacement

Amat‐Santos, Ignacio J.; Ribeiro, Henrique Barbosa; Ureña, Marina; Allende, Ricardo; Houde, Christine; Bédard, Élisabeth; Perron, Jean; DeLarochellière, Robert; Paradis, Jean‐Michel; Dumont, Éric; Doyle, D. John; Mohammadi, Siamak; Côté, Mélanie; Román, José Alberto San; Rodés‐Cabau, Josep

doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2014.09.013

Cited by 99 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…(faecalis, faecium), Corynebacterium spp., Granulicatella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Bartonella spp., and Moraxella spp., as well as fungi such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida spp. [6,8,9,12,14] Early-onset PVE is most often caused by Staphylococcus, as was seen in our case, signifying a hospital acquired infection. [7,9,10] Most of the data in regard to PVE after TAVR is extrapolated from PVE after SVR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The onset ranges from early (< 60 days), intermediate (60-365 days), or late (> 365 days) with a median of 5 months after TAVR. [6][7][8] The rate of the infection appears to be higher in the first year after the procedure, likely due to the lack of complete endothelialization of the bioprosthetic valve. [7][8][9] The incidence of clinical PVE after TAVR spans between 0.6% and 3%, [6,[8][9][10] although autopsy studies show a rate closer to 12%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] The median age at diagnosis was 80 years. [8,11] Respiratory infections, and dental and urologic procedures were the leading source for bacteremia, [6,9,10,12] though in half of the patients, the source of infections could not be identified. [6] Several risk factors have been identified; male gender, diabetes mellitus, moderate or severe paravalvular leak (PVL), prior infections, and non-optimal positioning of the transcatheter valve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6, 8-11, 13, 14] Fever and heart failure were the two most common presenting symptoms. [6,8,9] Reported pathogens include Staphylococcus spp. (aureus, epidermidis, lugdunensis), Streptococcus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14] Vegetations exist in 70% and most are located on the leaflets, followed by the stent frame and the mitral valve. [6,8,9] Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are complimentary or alternative imaging modalities in asserting the diagnosis of PVE after TAVR. [15,16] Antibiotic therapy without surgery in PVE is usually ineffective, especially when caused by a virulent pathogen or if complications develop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Prosthetic valve endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A case report and current review

Chami

Attizzani

2017

CRIM

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prosthetic valve endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A case report and current review

Chami

Attizzani

2017

CRIM

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Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Subsequent Infective Endocarditis and In-Hospital Death

Regueiro

Linke

Latib

et al. 2016

JAMA

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279

255

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Management Considerations in Infective Endocarditis

Wang

Gaca

Chu

2018

JAMA

302

209

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ndocarditis is an infection of the cardiac endothelium and can present as either acute or subacute disease. Acute infective endocarditis advances rapidly, presenting with a sudden onset of high fever, rigors, sepsis, and systemic complications. This presentation alone is indistinguishable from other causes of sepsis, but when there is also a new-onset heart murmur, a diagnosis of acute infective endocarditis should be considered. In contrast, subacute infective endocarditis can be difficult to diagnose. Patients develop nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, or weight loss over several weeks to months. Fever may or may not be present. Although endocarditis is commonly associated with a heart murmur due to valve regurgitation, new murmurs are present in less than half of cases (Table 1). 1,2 Janeway lesions or Osler nodes are classic diagnostic findings (Figure 1), but they are present in fewer than 5% of cases. Imaging can reveal embolic phenomena such as pulmonary and splenic emboli (Figure 2). Infective endocarditis should be suspected when patients present with either an acute or subacute illness when infective endocarditis risk factors are present (Box 1). In general, Staphylococcus aureus infection causes acute, aggressive infections, and the more indolent pathogens, viridans group streptococci or coagulase-negative staphylococci, cause subacute infective endocarditis. MethodsWe conducted a literature search of the PubMed database from January 2008 through March 2018. The selection, including clinical trials, observational studies, review articles, and society guidelines, was limited to studies published in English. We reviewed the reference articles that were cited in the guidelines IMPORTANCE Infective endocarditis occurs in approximately 15 of 100 000 people in the United States and has increased in incidence. Clinicians must make treatment decisions with respect to prophylaxis, surgical management, specific antibiotics, and the length of treatment in the setting of emerging, sometimes inconclusive clinical research findings.OBSERVATIONS Community-associated infective endocarditis remains the predominant form of the disease; however, health care accounts for one-third of cases in high-income countries. As medical interventions are increasingly performed on older patients, the disease incidence from cardiac implanted electronic devices is also increasing. In addition, younger patients involved with intravenous drug use has increased in the past decade and with it the proportion of US hospitalization has increased to more than 10%. These epidemiological factors have led to Staphylococcus aureus being the most common cause in high-income countries, accounting for up to 40% of cases. The mainstays of diagnosis are still echocardiography and blood cultures. Adjunctive imaging such as cardiac computed tomographic and nuclear imaging can improve the sensitivity for diagnosis when echocardiography is not conclusive. Serological studies, histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction assays have distinct ro...

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Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis After Transcatheter Valve Replacement

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Prosthetic valve endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A case report and current review

Prosthetic valve endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A case report and current review

Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Subsequent Infective Endocarditis and In-Hospital Death

Management Considerations in Infective Endocarditis

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